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Question 1

Australopithecines characteristics and behaviour

Answer 1

Characteristics: Smaller Brain size, reduction in front teeth, sexually dimorphic

Behaviour: Meat eating from scevenging, no evidence of hunting

Question 2

Paranthropis Characteristics and Behaviour

Answer 2

Characteristics: More robustly built, Larger brain size, very large molars and premolars, large jaws for chewing, presence of sagittal crest, pneumatized

Behaviour: Adapted to a diet made of coarse vegetation, strong sexual dimorphism, possible gorilla-like behaviour

Question 2

The Habilines Characteristics and Behaviour

Answer 2

Larger Brains, Rounder Skull, Smaller Teeth, Less facial prognathism, Postcranial like Australopithecines

Behaviour: Possibly first tool makers, Oldowan tool technology, possible uses as hammers, digging tools, etc.

Question 3

Australipithecus garhi Characteristics and behaviour

Answer 3

Oldest fossil that we know of that has been using stone tools

Behaviour:: Tool use, butchery of meat

Question 4

Archaics Characteristics and behaviour

Answer 4

Large brain size, modern human stature, more robust built, massive supraorbital torus, occipital torus

Behaviour: Hunted Large game, stone tools

Question 5

Satellite imagine or aerial photographs are best used to find evidence of:

Answer 5

Large scale features or monuments

Question 5

Characteristics and Behaviour of Homo Erectus

Answer 5

Larger body, Larger brain, robus built, less sexual dimorphism, Higher skull, less prognathic, smaller jaws and teeth, larger supraorbital torus, Occipital torus

Behaviour: First to potentially migrate out of Africa, New Tools (Acheulean tools), Hunters or Scavengers, Use of Fire, Made Shelters

Question 6

Homo Floresiensis Characteristics and Behaviour

Answer 6

1m tall, Small brain, Island Effect
Behaviour: Used fire, Stone tools

Question 7

________ are associated with the earliest human culture to have existed in the _______

Answer 7

Clovis Points, America

Question 7

Homo Sapiens Characteristics and Behaviour

Answer 7

Roundest skull, Small teeth, presence of a chin, slender build, oldest remains in africa (?)
Behaviour: Contemporary with Neandertals (Coexisted), No evidence of cultural differences during that time

Question 7

Neanderthal Characteristics and Behaviour

Answer 7

Australopithecines

Paranthropis

Australipithecus Garhi

Homo Erectus

Homo Floresiensis

Archaics

Neanderthal

Homo Sapien

Question 7

Oldowan tools can be described as

Answer 7

Thin, symmetrical tools made by striking off flakes on alternating sides with a variety of stone, bone, and antler tools

Question 8

Characteristics of anatomically modern humans

Answer 8

Lightly built post-cranial skeleton

Tiny or nonexistent brow ridges

A “Globular” brain case

Question 8

Name the following that are part of the genus Paranthropus

Answer 8

Aethiopicus
Boisei
Robustus

Question 9

The earliest evidence for goat and cattle herding is about

Answer 9

11,000 years ago

Question 10

Cultural borrowing that produces something new, drawing attention ot the positive processes of cultural creativity, is known as:

Answer 10

Cultural hybridity

Question 10

What term is defined as understanding another culture in its own terms sympathetically enough so that the culture appears to be a coherent and meaningful design for living?

Answer 10

Cultural relativism

Question 11

Which of the following refers to the process by which humans living with one another must learn to come to terms with the ways of thinking and feeling considered appropriate in their respective cultutres?

Answer 11

Enculturation

Question 12

The advantages of cooking food include which of the following?

Answer 12

Killing of parasites in food

An increase in nutrients extracted from the food

A more effecient way to preserve food

Question 13

When did the first Homo Species emerge

Answer 13

2.4-1.5 MYA

Question 14

Which of the following are behaviours that do not need to be explained to members of one’s own culture? They are symbolic.

Answer 14

Collective Understandings

Question 15

Which of the following is defined as a stratified society that possesses a territory that is defended from both outside enemies by an army and from internal disorder by a police force?

Answer 15

The State

Question 15

What are arguments used to explain the origins of domestication?

Answer 15

Migrating into new environments

Population growth

Long distance trade

Question 16

What are the differences between chronometric and relative dating methods?

Answer 16

Relative dating methods reveal the order of a sequence of found objects, materials, or events found within a site. Discovereing which is older/newer.

While Chronometric dates the actual age in the number of years of said items, materials, events, etc, found at the site.`

Question 16

What is the importance of the grid system in archaeology?

Answer 16

It serves as a way of mapping the entire site, by divvying up the larger site into smaller areas.

Question 17

What evidence is used to determine if fossil species were bipedal?

Answer 17

If the fossils provide long bones

If it has a Foramen Magnum (Hole at bottom of skull, connecting spinal cord to brain)

The Pelivs/Hip Bone will be shorter but wider and a lot thicker

Finding a Femur is a good sign of Bipedalism, as the femur makes it effortless for us to stand up right.

Question 18

Hold at bottom of skull where spinal chord is attached to brain

Answer 18

Foramen Magnum

Question 19

What and Who are the Protohominins?

Answer 19

Early Hominins

Sarchelanthropus Tchadensis
Orrorin Tugensis
Ardipithecus Ramidus

Question 20

What are the general characteristics of Protohominins?

Answer 20

Small Brain, Mostly apelike characteristics, Possibly Bipedal, Lived in forested environments

Question 21

Oldest Stone Tools

Answer 21

Dikika
Lomoekwi
Nyayanga

Question 22

What are the theories on what happened to Neanderthals?

Answer 22

Out Of Africa Hypothesis
- Modern humans migrate out of Africa and replace all archaic hominids

Partial Replacement Model
- Modern humans interbreed with other archaic hominids, but some are replaced

Multi-Regional Hypothesis
-All archaic hominids evolve into modern humans through gene flow