Speech production

Question 1

Basic necessity to produce speech

Answer 1

1. Conceptualize
   have something to say
2. Formulate
   Find a way to encode the thought in language
3. Articulate
   Move more than 100 muscles to speak.

Question 2

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 2

Linguistic relativity and determinism;

language we speak influence the way we think/perceive the world.

Question 3

Levelt speech production model

Answer 3

Model that explains speech production from start (concept prep and selection) to encoding to articulation.

Question 4

Concepts in Levelt model

Answer 4

Lemma; an abstract concept representing a mental representation of a words meaning. Interface between conceptual knowledge and how we say it.

Lexeme: umbrella term for all specific forms of a given sense of a word. Eg run is the lexeme for run runs running ran etc.

Wordforms: Runs ran running etc are the wordforms.

Question 5

WEAVER network

Answer 5

Model of production w three stages

1. Conceptual stratum (concepts w logical requirements (PUSH(x,y))
2. Lemma stratum (lemmas w syntactic information like nr gender aspect etc)
3. Form stratum (Morphemic node connecting info)

Question 6

Word frequency

Answer 6

Some have high frequency others very low. the ones that have high freq have a shorter RT in picture naming task. This is bc its

• Easier to visually identify
• Easier to find the name

This difference in RT is not there in word-picture matching, indicating visual recognition is independent of word freq. and the freq info is at the lexeme level.