Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves - Control

Question 1

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae are there?

Answer 1

• cervical - 7
• thoracic - 12
• lumbar - 5
• sacral - 5
• coccygeal - 1

Question 2

How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

Answer 3

8

Question 4

What is the nerve root of the phrenic nerve?

Answer 4

C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive.

Question 5

How many spinal cord segments are there?

Answer 5

31

Question 6

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

Answer 6

12

Question 7

How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

Answer 7

5

Question 8

How many sacral spinal nerves are there?

Answer 8

5

Question 9

How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

Answer 9

1

Question 10

How many segmental spinal nerves does each segment give rise to?

Answer 10

1 pair

Question 11

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 11

31 pairs

Question 12

Where do spinal nerves lie in the cervical region?

Answer 12

Above the vertebra

Question 13

Where do the spinal nerves lie in relation to the thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae?

Answer 13

Below the vertebra

Question 14

Where does spinal nerve C1 emerge?

Answer 14

Between the skull and C1 vertebra

Question 15

Where do the spinal nerves C2 to C7 emerge?

Answer 15

Superior to pedicles

Question 16

Where does the spinal nerve C8 emerge?

Answer 16

Inferior to Pedicles of C8 vertebra

Question 17

Where do the spinal nerves T1 to Co emerge?

Answer 17

Inferior to the Pedicles of their respective vertebrae

Question 18

How many vertebra does the vertebral column contain?

Answer 18

30

Question 19

What is a laminectomy?

Answer 19

cut through the lamina to look into the vertebral column

Question 20

What is the Cauda equine?

Answer 20

cluster of rootlets

Question 21

what is the conus medullaris?

Answer 21

inferior tip of the spinal cord - L1/2 - termination of spinal cord

Question 22

what is the dorsal rootlet?

Answer 22

a very small series of rootlets that go to a specify segment

Question 23

What does the cervical enlargement contain? (what plexus?

Answer 23

the brachial plexus

Question 24

What types of information does the dorsal rootlet contain?

Answer 24

sensory information

Question 25

What is the filum terminale?

Answer 25

Extensions of Pia mater - 1 fine strand attaches to the coccyx and is a remnant of the developing spinal cord

Question 26

What does the lumbar enlargement accommodate?

Answer 26

sciatic nerve

Question 27

What are dura, arachnoid and pia mater?

Answer 27

meninges that surround the spinal cord

Question 28

What is dura mater?

Answer 28

tough, fibrous sleeve separated from bone by fat filled epidural (extra) space.

Question 29

How many layers of dura mater are there?

Answer 29

1

Question 30

What is arachnoid mater?

Answer 30

Thin, delicate layer pressed against dura by CSF

Question 31

What is Pia mater?

Answer 31

thin layer attached to surface of cord

Question 32

what does pia mater form?

Answer 32

denticulate ligaments

Question 33

How does CSF enter the subarachnoid space?

Answer 33

by leaving the median and lateral apertures of the ventricular system

Question 34

What layer is the spinal cord made up of?

Answer 34

meningeal layer ONLY

Question 35

How many layers of dura surround the spinal cord?

Answer 35

a single layer

Question 36

What does the periosteal layer in the skull become as it leaves the skull?

Answer 36

Becomes part of the periosteum of the skull

Question 37

When is an epidural used?

Answer 37

during child birth

Question 38

What does the sub -arachnoid space push against?

Answer 38

the arachnoid mater running on the underside of the dura mater

Question 39

Which space does an epidural go into?

Answer 39

epidural space

Question 40

Does an epidural space run through the dura mater?

Answer 40

no

Question 41

Does a spinal anaesthetic pass through the dura mater?

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

What is the denticulate ligament?

Answer 42

extensions of pia mater which attach to the lateral walls of the vertebral canal for stability.

Question 43

What types of fibres do ventral roots contain?

Answer 43

motor fibres and efferent fibres thate sit the spinal cord.

Question 44

What are ganglion/ganglia?

Answer 44

collection of cell bodies

Question 45

What does the lumbar cistern not contain?

Answer 45

the spinal cord

Question 46

where is the lumbar cistern?

Answer 46

from the conus medullaris (L1/2) to S2.

Question 47

What does the lumbar cistern contain? (3)

Answer 47

1. CSF 2. Filum terminale 3. Cauda equina

Question 48

What rootlets are in the caudal equina?

Answer 48

dorsal and ventral roots of lower lumbar, sacral and cocygeal segmental spinal nerves.

Question 49

What happens to nerve roots when a needle is inserted during a lumbar puncture?

Answer 49

The nerve roots move out of the way - that is why a lumbar puncture is ideal

Question 50

What is the lumbar cistern a good entry for?

Answer 50

Lumbar puncture

Question 51

How does the spinal cord change in length from foetus to birth to adult life?

Answer 51

The spinal cord straightens out. Foetus - the vertebral canal grows faster than the spinal cord hence the spinal cord is shorter Birth - finishes at L3 Adult - L1/2

Question 52

Where does the spinal cord receive arterial blood supply from?

Answer 52

unpaired anterior spinal arteries paired posterior spinal arteries

Question 53

Where do the anterior and posterior spinal arteries arise from?

Answer 53

vertebral artery

Question 54

what are the vertebral arteries supported by along the length of the spinal cord?

Answer 54

- segmental medullary arteries | - radicular arteries

Question 55

What spinal branch comes off at the neck?

Answer 55

vertebral artery

Question 56

What spinal branch comes off in the thorax?

Answer 56

posterior intercostal artery

Question 57

what spinal branch comes off the abdomen?

Answer 57

lumbar

Question 58

What spinal branch comes off the pelvis?

Answer 58

lateral sacral artery

Question 59

What spinal branches do you need to know?

Answer 59

1. anterior segmental medullary artery 2. posterior intercostal artery 3. posterior dorsal branch 4. posteior intercostal artery 5. posterior spinal artery 6. anterior spinal artery

Question 60

What is contained with in grey matter (pathways) and what colour is it no a transverse section?

Answer 60

Cell bodies of ascending and descending pathways. Black

Question 61

What does white matter contain?

Answer 61

axons and tracts - long pathways

Question 62

How do the dorsal grey horn and ventral grey horn span across the transverse section of the spinal cord?

Answer 62

across the entire length

Question 63

What type of nerves does the lateral grey horn contain?

Answer 63

autonomic nerves

Question 64

What do you need to know in regards to the transverse section of the spinal cord?

Answer 64

1. lateral, ventral, dorsal grey horn 2. ventral white commissure 3. lateral, ventral and dorsal white column

Question 65

Where is the lateral grey horn present (what levels of vertebrae)?

Answer 65

T1-L2 and S2-S4

Question 66

What forms the epineurium?

Answer 66

spinal nerves leaving the vertebral canal taking the meningeal covering with it

Question 67

What is the epineurium?

Answer 67

a protective outer sheath of connective tissue

Question 68

What happens to white matter as it ascends the spinal cord?

Answer 68

it increases

Question 69

When does the ventral horn enlarge?

Answer 69

It enlarges where motor fibres to limbs arise - cervical and lumbar enlargements

Question 70

Above which segment are 2 dorsal columns on each side of the midline of the transverse section of the spinal cord?

Answer 70

above T6

Question 71

What are the 2 dorsal columns on either side of the midline above T6?

Answer 71

Gracile fascicle medially Cuneate fascicle laterally 2 regions of white matter

Question 72

What does a fascicle contain?

Answer 72

white matter - tracts and axons

Question 73

What does the gracile fascicle relate to?

Answer 73

Lower limbs - gracilis muscle

Question 74

What does the cuneate fascicle relate to?

Answer 74

Upper limbs

Question 75

Is the spinal grey matter specialised?

Answer 75

Yes

Question 76

What nuclei is the spinal grey matter site of?

Answer 76

sensory or motor nuclei

Question 77

Is the dorsal column ipsilateral or contralateral?

Answer 77

ipsilateral

Question 78

What does the dorsal column do?

Answer 78

position sense vibration sense

Question 79

What does the lateral corticospinal tract do?

Answer 79

voluntary movement on the right

Question 80

What is the ventral corticospinal tract involved in?

Answer 80

voluntary movement on the right

Question 81

What is the spinothalamic tract involved in?

Answer 81

pain, light touch and temp

Question 82

Is the spinothalamic tract ipsilateral or contralateral?

Answer 82

Contralateral

Question 83

Are the ascending and descending tracts present on both sides of the spinal cord?

Answer 83

yes