Spine & Ribcage

Question 1

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 1

Origin: 12th Rib + Tranverse processes of L1-L4
Insertion: Posterior Iliac Crest
Actions: Elevates same side pelvis, anterior tilt pelvis + extend lower lumbar spine, extend trunk, laterally flex trunk, depress 12th rib
Nerve: Lumbar Plexus

Question 2

Diaphragm

Answer 2

Origin: Internal surfaces of the rib cage + sternum + the spine
Insertion: Central tendon of diaphragm
Actions: Increases volume of thoracic cavity
Nerve: Phrenic nerve

Question 3

Rectus Abdominus

Answer 3

Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Xiphoid process + cartilage of ribs 5-7
Actions: Flex trunk, posterior tilt pelvis, laterally flex trunk
Nerve: Intercostal

Question 4

External abdominal Oblique

Answer 4

Origin: Anterior iliac crest, pubic bone, abdominal aponeurosis
Insertion: Ribs 5-12
Actions: flex trunk, posterior tilt pelvis, laterally flex trunk, contralaterally rotate

Question 5

Internal Abdominal Oblique

Answer 5

Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest + thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Ribs 10-12 + abdominal aponeurosis
Actions: Flex trunk, posterior tilt pelvis, laterally flex trunk, ipsilaterally rotate
Nerve: Intercostal

Question 6

Transversus Abdominis

Answer 6

Origin: Inguinal Ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia + lower costal cartilages
Insertion: Abdominal aponeurosis
Actions: Compress abdominal cavity
Nerve: Intercostal

Question 7

Splenius Capitis

Answer 7

Origin: Nuchal ligament C3- C6 + spinous processes C7-T4
Insertion: Mastoid process of temperal bone + occipital bone
Action: extend head + neck, laterally flex head + neck, ipsilaterally rotate head + neck
Nerve: Cervical spinal nerves

Question 8

Splenius Cervicis

Answer 8

Origin: Spinous processes T3-T6
Insertion: Transverse processes C1-C3
Actions: extend neck, laterally flex neck, ipsilaterally rotates neck
Nerve: Cervical Spinal Nerves

Question 9

Rectus Capitus Posterior Major

Answer 9

Origin: Splenius process of C2
Insertion: Occiput
Action: extend the head
Nerves: Suboccipital

Question 10

Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor

Answer 10

Origin: Posterior tubercle of C1
Insertion: Occiput
Actions: Protracts the head
Nerve: SubOccipital

Question 11

Oblique Capitis Inferior

Answer 11

Origin: Splenious process of C2
Insertion: Transverse process of C1
Action: Ipsilaterally rotates the atlas (C1)
Nerve: SubOccipital

Question 12

Oblique Capitis Superior

Answer 12

Origin: Transverse process of C1
Insertion: Occiput
Actions: Protracts the head
Nerve: SubOccipital

Question 13

Ernocleidomastoid

Answer 13

Origin: Sternal head: manubrium of sternum. Clavicular head: medical clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
Actions: Flexes lower neck, extends upper neck + head, laterally flex head + neck contralaterally rotate
Nerve: Spinal accessory nerve

Question 14

Scalenes Anterior & Middle

Answer 14

Origin: transverse processes of spine
Insertion: 1st rib
Actions: flex neck, laterally flex neck, elevate 1st rib
Nerve: Cervical spinal nerves

Question 15

Scalenes Posterior

Answer 15

Origin: Transverse processes of cervical spine
Insertion: 2nd rib
Action: Laterally flex neck, elevate 2nd rib
Nerve: Cervical Spinal Nerves

Question 16

Suprahyoid Muscles: 
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Answer 16

Origin: Temporal bone, styloid process of temporal bone, inner surface of mandible, inner surface of mandible
Insertion: Mandible, Hyoid, Hyoid, Hyoid
Actions: Elevate hyoid bone, depress mandible, flex head + neck
Nerve: CN V, CN VII, CN XII

Question 17

Infrahyoid Muscles

Answer 17

Origin: Sternum, thyroid cartilage, scapula
Insertion: Hyoid, thyroid cartilage
Actions: Depress hyoid bone + thyroid cartilage, flex neck
Nerve: Cervicle plexus?

Question 18

Erector Spinae Group:

AKA: Sacrospinalis Group

Answer 18

Origin: Posterior Pelvis
Insertion: Posterior spine, ribcage + masteriod process of temporal bone
Action: extend the trunk, neck + head at the spinal joins; anteriorly

Question 19

Iliocostalis

Answer 19

Origin: Pelvis
Insertion: Costals
Action: Tilt pelvis @ lumbosacral joint + extends the lower spine

Question 20

Longissimus

Answer 20

Origin: Pelvis
Insertion: Costals + transerve processes of spine, mastoid process
Action: laterally flexes the trunk, neck + head at the spinal joints

Question 21

Spinalis

Answer 21

Origin: Spinous Process
Insertion: Spinous process

Question 22

Transversospinalis Group: Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotators

Answer 22

Origin: TP
Insertion: SP
6 Above/ 2-4 Above/ 1-2 Above
Action: Contralateral rotation, Extends + laterally flexes the trunk, head + neck. Anterior tilt of pelvis

Question 23

Interspinales

Answer 23

Origin: SP
Insertion: SP
Action: Extends neck and trunk

Question 24

Intertansverarii

Answer 24

Origin: TP
Insertion: TP
Action: Laterally flexes neck and trunk

Question 25

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 25

Origin: SP C7-T3 Insertion: ribs 2-5 Action: elevates ribs 2-5

Question 26

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 26

Origin: SP T11-L2 Insertion: ribs 9-12 Action: Depresses ribs 9-12

Question 27

Stercostals

Answer 27

Origin & Insertion: the intercostal spaces of ribs 1-12 Action: Externals- elevate ribs & contralaterally rotate trunk Internals- depress ribs & Ipisalterally rotate