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Microbiology > Spirochetes > Flashcards

Spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms who are poorly Gram stained / do not stain with Gram stain

A

MRCS
Mycoplasma
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Spirochetes

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2
Q

Spirochetes includes

A

Treponema
Borrelia
Leptospira

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3
Q

Treponema shape and Motility

A

Very tight coils
Corkscrew motility

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4
Q

Shape of Borrelia

A

Loose coils

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5
Q

Leptospira shape

A

Hooked ends
Motile

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6
Q

Which organisms have Endoflagella

A

Spirochetes - in Periplasmic space

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7
Q

Classification of Treponema

A

STD
Non-STD

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8
Q

STD Treponema includes

A

Treponema Pallidum

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9
Q

Non STD Treponema includes

A

T. Endemicum
T. Pertenue
T. Carateum

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10
Q

T. Endemicum causes

A

Endemic Syphilis

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11
Q

Treponema Pallidum causes

A

Venereal Syphilis

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12
Q

T. Pertenue causes

A

Yaws

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13
Q

Transmission of Yaws, Endemic Syphilis and Pinta

A

Yaws and Pinta - Skin to skin
Endemic Syphilis - Kissing

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14
Q

T. Carateum Causes

A

Pinta

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15
Q

Age group affected in Yaws, endemic Syphilis and Pinta

A

Yaws and endemic Syphilis - Early childhood
Pinta - Late childhood

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16
Q

Features of Yaws, Endemic Syphilis and Pinta

A

Yaws - Ulcerative papilloma
Endemic - Rare
Pinta - Non ulcerative papule

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17
Q

Sites affected in Yaws, endemic Syphilis and Pinta

A

Yaws and Pinta - Extremities
Endemic - Oral

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18
Q

Relapses in Yaws, Endemic Syphilis and Pinta

A

Yaws - Common
Endemic - Uncommon
Pinta - No relapse

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19
Q

Incubation period of Treponema Pallidum infection

A

9-90 days

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20
Q

Stages of Venereal Syphilis

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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21
Q

Clinical features of Primary Syphilis

A

Hard chancre/Hunterian chancre( extremely indurated) - heals in 10-40 days (leaves scar or can progress to secondary syphilis)
Painless genital ulcer
Avascular and covered with thick glary exudate
Also Painless inguinal LN

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22
Q

Secondary syphilis occurs after how much time of Primary Syphilis

A

Occurs after 1-3 months of Primary Syphilis

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23
Q

Clinical features of Secondary Syphilis

A

Condylomata lata at mucocutaneous junction
Papular skin rashes on Palms and soles

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24
Q

Latent syphilis means

A

Spontaneous cure
Serology +ve
Clinical features absent

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25
Q

Tertiary Syphilis is divided into

A

Benign tertiary Syphilis
Cardiovascular Syphilis
Neurosyphilis

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26
Q

Clinical and Microscopic finding of Benign tertiary Syphilis

A

Gummas (Bone, skin)
M/E - Granuloma (abundant plasma cells)

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27
Q

Clinical features of Cardiovascular Syphilis

A

Obliterative Endarteritis of vasa vasorum
Ascending aorta and arch of aorta Aneurysms
Aortic valve

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28
Q

Clinical features of Neurosyphilis

A

Aseptic meningitis
Tabes dorsalis (Post column)
General paresis

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29
Q

Non venereal Syphilis can be seen in

A

Healthcare workers - primary chancre at extra genital sites
Blood Transfusion patients - no primary chancre

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30
Q

Congenital syphilis is transmitted and may manifest lately as

A

Transplacental
May manifest late as Osteoperiostitis (in children)

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31
Q

Specimen needed for diagnosis of Treponema Pallidum infection

A

Genital ulcers
Blood
CSF

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32
Q

Which Microscope is used to see Treponema Pallidum

A

Dark Field Microscope - thin organism

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33
Q

Movement shown by Treponema Pallidum

A

Forward and backward movement
Bending at right angles (90°)

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34
Q

Which Silver impregnation Method used to see solid tissue/films of Treponema Pallidum

A

Fontana’s method

35
Q

Which Silver impregnation Method used to see liquid sample of Treponema Pallidum

A

Levaditi’s method

36
Q

Non specific Serological Methods used for diagnosis of Treponema Pallidum

A

Wassermann test (Complement fixation technique)
Kahn test (tube precipitation test)
VDRL (Venereal disease research lab)
RPR (Rapid plasma Reagin)

37
Q

Specific Serological Methods used for diagnosis of Treponema Pallidum

A

FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption)
TPI ( T. Pallidum immobilization)
TPHA ( T. Pallidum Hemagglutination assay)
TPPA (T. Pallidum Particulate Assay)

38
Q

Antigen used in VDRL test

A

Cardiolipin antigen

39
Q

VDRL Procedure

A

Heat inactivated serum + Cardiolipin antigen - mixed on slide - Rotated - On microscopy : Clumps

40
Q

Best test to assess prognosis of Syphilis

A

VDRL

41
Q

VDRL - False Positive seen in

A

V - Viral infections (Infectious mononucleosis)
D - Drugs (Procainamide)
R - Rheumatic fever
L - Lumps
L - Leprosy
False Positive - First trimester
Positive - of Pregnancy ( Early pregnancy)

42
Q

Investigation of Choice in case of Neurosyphilis

A

VDRL

43
Q

In VDRL antigen to be used within

A

24 hrs (Cardiolipin)

44
Q

Most sensitive specific Serological test for Treponema Pallidum

A

FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption)

45
Q

Most specific Serological Methods used for diagnosis of Treponema Pallidum

A

TPI&raquo_space; TPPA

46
Q

Most Sensitive Serological Methods in case of Congenital Syphilis

A

VDRL&raquo_space; FTA-ABS

47
Q

Drug of choice Primary, Secondary and latent stage of Syphilis

A

Benzathine Penicillin

48
Q

Antibiotics used in case of Neurosyphilis

A

Pencillin G

49
Q

Borrelia includes which organisms

A

B. Burdorgferi
B. Recurrentis
B. Vincenti

50
Q

Motility shown by Borrelia species

A

Lashing motility - loose spirals

51
Q

B. Burdorgferi causes

A

Lymes disease

52
Q

Borrelia recurrentis is known to cause

A

Relapsing fever

53
Q

Borrelia Vincenti is known to cause

A

Vincent’s angina

54
Q

Most common vector borne infection in USA

A

Lyme disease

55
Q

Lyme disease is transmitted by

A

Bite of Ixodid ticks (Hard ticks)

56
Q

Incubation period of Lymes disease

A

3-30 days

57
Q

Clinical features of Lymes disease are classified into

A

Localized infection
Disseminated infection
Persistent infection

58
Q

Clinical features seen in localized infection of Lyme’s disease

A

Annular/Bulls eye or target rash (Erythema chronicum migrans)

59
Q

Clinical features of Disseminated infection of Lyme’s disease

A

Satellite skin lesions smaller than ECM
CVS - Av block, Myocarditis
CNS - Facial nerve palsy
Joints

60
Q

Persistent infection of Lyme’s disease can leads to

A

Lyme arthritis

61
Q

Complications of Lyme’s disease

A

Bannwarth’s Syndrome (meningeal involvement) - Painful Radiculoneuritis

62
Q

Stain used for diagnosis of Lyme’s disease

A

Warthin Stary silver stain (WSSS)

63
Q

Relapsing fever is classified into

A

Epidemic louse borne Relapsing fever
Endemic tick borne Relapsing fever

64
Q

Epidemic louse borne Relapsing fever is caused by

A

Borrelia recurrentis - Lice crashed on abraded skin

65
Q

Endemic tick borne Relapsing fever is caused by

A

Borrelia duttoni - tick bite

66
Q

Incubation period of Relapsing fever and fever pattern

A

2-10 days
Fever (3-5 days) - abundant organisms in blood
Afebrile for 4-10 days - No organism in blood
Relapsing fever - 3 to 10 relapses (organism reappears)

67
Q

Microscopy used to see Borrelia species

A

Dark Field Microscope

68
Q

Stain used for diagnosis of Relapsing fever

A

Giemsa/Leishman stain

69
Q

Treatment of Relapsing fever

A

Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
No vaccine

70
Q

Clinical features of Vincent’s angina

A

Ulcerative gingivostomatitis or oropharyngitis

71
Q

Microscopy used for Diagnosis of Vincent’s angina

A

Dark Field Microscope

72
Q

Fusospirochetosis includes

A

Symbiotic infection
Fusobacterium fusiform + B. Vincentii

73
Q

Leptospira causes

A

Weil’s disease (Ictero hemorrhagic fever) AKA Hepato renal Syndrome

74
Q

Pathogenesisof Leptospira

A

Zoonotic disease
Rat urine - Contaminated Rainy water - associated with Rice/Paddy field workers

75
Q

Stages of Weil’s disease/ Ictero hemorrhagic fever

A

First stage/Septicemic phase
Second stage/Immune phase

76
Q

Duration of Septicemic phase and immune phase in Weil’s disease

A

Septicemic - 3 to 10 days
Immune phase - 10 to 30 days

77
Q

Clinical features of Weil’s disease (both phases)

A

High grade fever
Jaundice
Raised liver enzymes
Hemorrhage - Pulmonary, Skin, conjunctival
Renal - Raised creatinine

78
Q

Sample taken in case of Septicemic phase and Immune phase of Weil’s disease

A

Septicemic phase - Blood, CSF
Immune phase - Urine

79
Q

Serology findings IgM in Septicemic phase and immune phase in Weils disease

A

Septicemic phase - Igm absent
Immune phase - IgM present

80
Q

Antibiotics used in Septicemic phase and immune phase of Weils disease

A

Septicemic phase - Doxycycline
Immune phase - Refractory Penicillin

81
Q

Microscopy used and M/E findings in Leptospira infection

A

Dark field Microscopy - Hooked end

82
Q

Culture media used in case of Leptospira infection

A

EMJH - Dingers ring
Fletcher
Korthoff

83
Q

Serological examination done in Leptospira infection

A

Microscopic Agglutination test (MAT)

84
Q

SAT MAT CAT

A

Brucella Leptospira Mycoplasma

Microbiology (37 decks)

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