Spleen Pathology

Question 1

what is the most common spleen abnormality?

Answer 1

splenomegaly

Question 2

splenomegaly measurements

length ______
thickness ______

Answer 2

length > 12cm
thickness > 5cm

Question 3

as the spleen enlarged it becomes more ____

Answer 3

hypoechoic

Question 4

what is the most common cause of splenomegaly?

Answer 4

PHTN

Question 5

causes of massive splenomegaly (4)

Answer 5

leukemia
lymphoma
parasitic infection
metastasis

Question 6

causes of minimal splenomegaly (4)

Answer 6

PHTN
tuberculosis
sickle cell anemia
AIDS

Question 7

ultrasound appearance of splenic cysts (3)

Answer 7

thin walls
anechoic
posterior enhancement

Question 8

T/F: splenic abscesses are common

Answer 8

FALSE - splenic abscesses are UNCOMMON

Question 9

ultrasound appearance of splenic abscess (4)

Answer 9

complex
irregular shape
debris or gas
dirty shadowing

Question 10

signs/symptoms of splenic abscess (3)

Answer 10

leukocytosis
LUQ tenderness
fever

Question 11

what is splenic infarct?

Answer 11

necrosis of the spleen resulting from obstruction of blood supply

Question 12

splenic infarct is most commonly associated with _____

Answer 12

embolism

Question 13

splenic infarct may be caused by (3)

Answer 13

sickle cell
bacterial endocarditis
lymphoma

Question 14

ultrasound appearance of splenic infarct (3)

Answer 14

wedge-shaped mass
acute = hypoechoic
chronic = hyperechoic

Question 15

splenic trauma is common in ___ and ___

Answer 15

children and alcoholics

Question 16

T/F: ultrasound is the best modality for splenic trauma

Answer 16

FALSE - CT is the best

Question 17

what are the 3 main locations of splenic trauma?

Answer 17

subcapsular
intraparenchymal
capsular

Question 18

ultrasound appearance of splenic trauma (4)

Answer 18

acute hemorrhage: complex or hypoechoic

middle stage: echogenic

later stage: anechoic

chronic hemorrhage: complex or calcified

Question 19

what does granulomatous disease of the spleen look like?

Answer 19

small echogenic foci throughout the spleen

Question 20

granulomatous disease of the spleen is found in patients who have a history of (3)

Answer 20

histoplasmosis
tuberculosis
sarcoidosis

Question 21

splenic hamartoma is associated with ___ and ___

Answer 21

Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome and tuberous sclerosis

Question 22

splenic hamartoma will show ____ on color doppler

Answer 22

hypervascularity

Question 23

what is the primary malignant tumor of the spleen?

Answer 23

angiosarcoma

Question 24

angiosarcoma is derived from ____

Answer 24

blood vessels

Question 25

what is the most common malignancy of the spleen?

Answer 25

lymphoma

Question 26

how are the two types of lymphoma differentiated?

Answer 26

microscopically

Question 27

______ cells indicate Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 27

Reed-Sternberg

Question 28

does hodgkin or non-hodgkin have a high recovery rate?

Answer 28

hodgkin

Question 29

non-hodgkin lymphoma is more _____ than hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 29

more common

Question 30

metastasic disease to the spleen is ___ and occurs ____ in the disease process

Answer 30

rare occurs late

Question 31

most common primary locations of splenic metastasis (4)

Answer 31

skin breast lung ovary

Question 32

what is the most common type of abdominal visceral branch aneurysm?

Answer 32

splenic artery aneurysm

Question 33

splenic artery aneurysm is associated with ___ and ___

Answer 33

pregnancy and pancreatic pseudocyst

Question 34

complication of ____ is found in 10% of patients with splenic artery aneurysm

Answer 34

chronic pancreatitis

Question 35

what is the second common benign tumor of the spleen?

Answer 35

splenic lymphangioma

Question 36

what is splenic lymphangioma?

Answer 36

malformation of the lymphatic system usually seen in children

Question 37

what is autosplenectomy?

Answer 37

gradual fibrosis and dysfunction of the spleen secondary to disease

Question 38

in a wandering spleen, the ligaments are congenitally absent or weakened due to (2)

Answer 38

connective tissue disease pregnancy

Question 39

what are epidermis cysts of the spleen?

Answer 39

true cysts lined by squamous epithelium

Question 40

what is the most benign primary neoplasm of the spleen?

Answer 40

hemangioma

Question 41

_____ more frequently metastasizes to the spleen, followed by ___ and ___ cancer

Answer 41

malignant melanoma breast and lung cancer

Question 42

in a patient with sickle cell, the spleen is ____ in early stages and becomes _____ in later stages

Answer 42

early stage = enlarged later stage = small

Question 43

when the spleen enlarges it extends in what 3 directions?

Answer 43

anterior medial inferior

Question 44

what is polycythemia vera?

Answer 44

blood disorder resulting in uncontrolled RBC production

Question 45

polycythemia vera causes (2)

Answer 45

hyperviscosity and hypercoagulation

Question 46

____ and ____ are two classifications of spleen heterotaxia

Answer 46

polysplenia and asplenia

Question 47

polysplenia is _____ sided predominance asplenia is _____ sided predominance

Answer 47

polysplenia = left asplenia = right

Question 48

___ and ____ hematomas results when the splenic capsule remains intact

Answer 48

subcapsular intraparenchymal

Question 49

____ and ____ hematomas results with capsule rupture

Answer 49

perisplenic intraperitoneal

Question 50

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) is utilized in the emergency department to document the presence of

Answer 50

free fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 51

what is post traumatic splenosis?

Answer 51

after splenic rupture or surgery, splenic cells may implant throughout the peritoneal cavity resulting in an ectopic spleen

Question 52

"sandwich" or "mantle" sign is the presence of ____

Answer 52

perivessel lymphoma

Question 53

lymphoma is noted to displace the IVC and SMA ____

Answer 53

anteriorly