sport science study

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

A joint is where two or more bones meet and are classified based on movement.

Question 2

Name the three types of joints.

Answer 2

• Fibrous (immovable)
• Cartilaginous (slightly movable)
• Synovial (freely movable)

Question 3

What is the function of ligaments?

Answer 3

Ligaments connect bone to bone and stabilize joints.

Question 4

Give an example of a hinge joint.

Answer 4

• Knee
• Elbow
• Fingers
• Toes

Question 5

What is a ball-and-socket joint?

Answer 5

A joint that allows movement in multiple directions, e.g., shoulder and hip.

Question 6

What is a pivot joint?

Answer 6

A joint that allows rotational movement, e.g., neck (between the first and second cervical vertebrae).

Question 7

What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?

Answer 7

Axial and Appendicular skeleton.

Question 8

What bones make up the axial skeleton?

Answer 8

• Skull
• Vertebral column
• Ribs
• Sternum

Question 9

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 9

• Arms
• Legs
• Shoulder girdle
• Pelvic girdle

Question 10

Name three functions of the skeleton.

Answer 10

• Support
• Protection
• Movement
• Mineral storage
• Blood cell production

Question 11

What is the largest bone in the human body?

Answer 11

Femur.

Question 12

What is the smallest bone in the human body?

Answer 12

Stapes (found in the ear).

Question 13

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 13

• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth

Question 14

What is the function of skeletal muscles?

Answer 14

Voluntary movement of the skeleton.

Question 15

What are fast-twitch fibers used for?

Answer 15

Short bursts of power and speed, fatigue quickly.

Question 16

What are slow-twitch fibers used for?

Answer 16

Endurance activities, fatigue resistant.

Question 17

What is the role of an agonist muscle?

Answer 17

The primary muscle responsible for movement.

Question 18

What is the role of an antagonist muscle?

Answer 18

The muscle that relaxes to allow movement.

Question 19

What is the Sliding Filament Theory?

Answer 19

The process explaining how muscles contract through the interaction of actin and myosin filaments.

Question 20

What are the three main sections of the respiratory system?

Answer 20

• Air passages
• Lungs
• Diaphragm

Question 21

What is the function of alveoli?

Answer 21

Site for gas exchange (Oxygen in, Carbon Dioxide out).

Question 22

What happens during inhalation?

Answer 22

Diaphragm contracts, rib cage expands, air moves into lungs.

Question 23

What happens during exhalation?

Answer 23

Diaphragm relaxes, rib cage contracts, air is expelled from the lungs.

Question 24

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 24

Also known as the windpipe, it directs air to the lungs.

Question 25

What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?

Answer 25

It contracts to increase lung volume during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation.

Question 26

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 26

* Left atrium * Right atrium * Left ventricle * Right ventricle

Question 27

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Answer 27

* Arteries * Veins * Capillaries

Question 28

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 28

Transport oxygen throughout the body.

Question 29

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 29

Fight infections and protect the body from pathogens.

Question 30

What is the function of the aorta?

Answer 30

It carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Question 31

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

Answer 31

It carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Question 32

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 32

They allow gas exchange between blood and tissues.