Standard 4 - Terms & Definitions for Brainscape Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Standard 4 - Terms & Definitions for Brainscape Deck (48)
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1
Q

Gave women the right to vote

A

19th Amendment

2
Q

Radical protester for women’s suffrage known for hunger strikes & national protests

A

Alice Paul

3
Q

Process of settling disputes between workers & management with a neutral third party - unions would rather do this than go on strike!

A

Arbitration

4
Q

Changing to become like another (For example, the Native Americans were told to assimilate into white culture)

A

Assimilation

5
Q

The process by which iron is turned into steel

A

Bessemer Process

6
Q

Much like the buffalo, the Native Americans lived off of them. Huge numbers of them were killed to make way for the RR.

A

Bison

7
Q

Bug that killed many cotton crops in the South. As a result, many AA’s moved north during the Great Migration

A

Boll Weevil

8
Q

The economic system where individuals own property and use it to gain wealth with little/no government involvement.

A

Capitalism

9
Q

Brought the Bessemer Process to the US, began US steel, and became one of the wealthiest men in the country.

A

Andrew Carnegie

10
Q

Argued for women’s suffrage at the state level. More moderate than Alice Paul.

A

Carrie Chapman Catt

11
Q

Law passed after the completion of the transcontinental RR stating that no new Chinese immigrants would be allowed into the US.

A

Chinese Exclusion Act

12
Q

William Jennings Bryan’s speech suggesting that silver be added to the gold standard. Populists loved this!

A

Cross of Gold Speech

13
Q

Supreme Court case declaring that contracts would be upheld by the government.

A

Dartmouth v. Woodward

14
Q

Law giving land to Native Americans if they would assimilate into white culture for 25 years.

A

Dawes Act

15
Q

Native American ritual they believed would peacefully drive out the white men. The white men assumed they were preparing for war & attacked them.

A

Ghost Dance

16
Q

Supreme Court case declaring that the national government alone could regulate interstate commerce.

A

Gibbons v. Ogden

17
Q

Andrew Carnegie’s philosophy that the wealthy had a responsibility to use their $$ to help those less fortunate.

A

Gospel of Wealth

18
Q

Period in the late 1800’s-early 1900’s when many AA’s moved from the south to the north.

A

Great Migration

19
Q

Law giving land in the west away for free to anyone who would build a home on that land.

A

Homestead Act

20
Q

Author of “Rags to Riches” stories.

A

Horatio Alger

21
Q

Business practice when one person buys up all of one type of business. (Like a monopoly)

A

Horizontal Integration

22
Q

Federal law regulating the cost of shipping between states. It was passed to help farmers after the Granger laws were overturned by the Supreme Court.

A

Interstate Commerce Act

23
Q

Founded Hull House to teach immigrants how to assimilate into the US.

A

Jane Addams

24
Q

The belief that government should keep its hands entirely off of the economy.

A

Laissez-faire capitalism

25
Q

Journalists who wrote & published photos to make people see the difficulties of urban life in the late 1800’s. (Upton Sinclair would be one example)

A

Muckrakers

26
Q

The belief that the US should be made up primarily of whites who descended from England. These people did NOT want more immigration into the US.

A

Nativism

27
Q

Law giving land to the railroads for the purpose of completing a transcontinental RR.

A

Pacific Railway Act

28
Q

Organizations in major cities designed to get votes for particular parties or candidates by helping specific groups - often immigrants.

A

Political Machines

29
Q

Political group representing the farmers that pushed for the introduction of silver to the gold standard to cause inflation.

A

Populists

30
Q

Political group that wanted the government to intervene in the issues caused by the rapid growth of cities in the late 1800’s.

A

Progressives

31
Q

Strike caused when a RR company cut worker pay but didn’t decrease the rent in their company housing.

A

Pullman Strike

32
Q

First strike in which the army was called to force strikers into going back to work.

A

Railway Strike of 1877

33
Q

Owner of the Standard Oil Trust and one of the wealthiest men in American history.

A

John D. Rockefeller

34
Q

Deragatory term for people who work during a strike.

A

Scabs

35
Q

Law making it illegal for a Trust to own all of one type of company. (For example, one company couldn’t own all the oil companies in the US)

A

Sherman Antitrust Act

36
Q

The belief that “survival of the fittest” should be applied to modern society.

A

Social Darwinism

37
Q

Women who protested for the right to vote.

A

Suffragettes

38
Q

Local groups organized by farmers so they could discuss how to best address their needs & concerns.

A

The Grange

39
Q

A company that owns other companies.

A

Trust

40
Q

Organizations of workers pushing for shorter hours, better pay, and better working conditions.

A

Unions

41
Q

Muckraker author of the Jungle who drew attention to the problems in the meat packing industry

A

Upton Sinclair

42
Q

Populist/Democrat presidential candidate who gave the “Cross of Gold” speech.

A

William Jennings Bryan

43
Q

Site where Native Americans attempted to surrender, but were massacred by the Army.

A

Wounded Knee

44
Q

Contracts signed by workers promising that they will not join a union

A

Yellow Dog Contracts

45
Q

Legalized Income Tax

A

16th Amendment

46
Q

Allowed the direct election of US Senators by the people.

A

17th Amendment

47
Q

Term used to favorably describe the wealthy industrial leaders of the late 1800’s.

A

Captain of Industry

48
Q

Term used to unfavorably describe the wealthy industrial leaders of the late 1800’s.

A

Robber Baron

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