State And Globalislation Flashcards
(32 cards)
1
Q
What is sovereignty
A
- The principle of absolute/unlimited power and a defining characteristic of a state
- national sovereignty means that a state has absolute authority over all it’s citizens within it’s boarders
2
Q
What is internal sovereignty
A
The highest power within a state that makes decisions all individuals, groups, individuals, intuitions must follow
3
Q
What is external sovereignty
A
To do with a states relationship without outside forcwes and it’s ability to govern without foreign interference
4
Q
When and what is the peace of Westphalia
A
- 1648
- Ended the thirty year war between(1618-1648), as historically important in the development of state sovereignty
- the peace agreement established the principles of territorial integrity and sovereign equality
5
Q
When and what was the congress of Vienna
A
- 1814-1815
- during the french napoleonic wars(1803-1815), France challenged the principles of states sovereignty through it’s imperial expansion
- the congress of Vienna reasserted the primacy of the state as the primary factor in determining global affairs
6
Q
What was the famous quote from Edmund Burke referring to state sovereignty
A
‘ the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing’
7
Q
What is globalisation
A
- the process by which the world becomes more interconnected in terms of politics, economics and culture
- the declining relevance of distance and boarders between communities and in regard to human social organisation
8
Q
What is economic globalisation
A
- the process of which states become economically connected and interdependent through the greater sharing and transitional flow of goods, services, capital and technology
- since the end of the Cold War the dominance of the ‘Washington consensus’ has seen a large increase in global trade
9
Q
What are the three main non state actors
A
- IGO - intergovernmental organisations
- NGO - non-governmental organisations
- MNC - multinational cooperations
10
Q
What is political globalisation
A
- The process by which non-state actors have an increasingly important matters to do with states
- the EU is a prime example of this as member states are expected to abide by the rules and laws dictated by it’s parliament, courts and other institutions
11
Q
Who coined the term the golden archers theory of conflict prevention
A
Thomas L Friedman
12
Q
What is the Golden Arches theory of conflict prevention
A
- ‘no two countries that both had macdonalds had fought each other since each got it’s macdonalds
- ‘no two countries that are both part of a major supply chain will ever fight a war against each other as they are both part of the same supply chain’
13
Q
A
14
Q
What is cultural globalisation
A
- The process by which people anywhere in the world expierence and/or participate in the same culture(e.g. food, clothes, entertainment, brands and products)
- as a result, our cultural differences become less sifnicant in comparison to our cultural similarities
15
Q
What is cultural homogenisation
A
- the process by which those characterises that make cultures of different nations distinct from each other are lessened and the world develops a more unifromly similar global culture
16
Q
What is a monoculture
A
When the world develops into a single, shared cultural identity/ expierence as a result of cultural homogenisation
17
Q
Who coined coca-colonisation and what is it
A
- Brendan barber referred to cultural globalisation as coca-colonisation
- according to Brendan barber, this has created a Macworld in which people all over the world crave the same materialistic fulfilment, enjoy the same sort of enterinament, eat the Americazed foods
18
Q
What are hyperglobalisers
A
- Globalisation is a new revolutionary shift in the structures of global power that is both determined and inevitable
- greater economic, poltiical and cultural interconnection and the growing influence of non state actors have challenged the idea that the state is the main actor in global affairs
- a ‘boarderless world’ is in development as territorial integrity is challenged by the flow of goods, services, capital, people
19
Q
What are sceptics
A
- globalisation is not new or inevitable and nor is necessarily a good thing
- pre ww1(1870-1913) international order says a similar level of inter connection between states
- the state remains the main actor in global politics and will seek to oppose attacks on soveringity
- sceptics argue globalisation is largely an ideological thing that is used to spread western, free market ideals rather something that is inevitable
20
Q
What are transformationalists
A
- globalisation has had an impact on states it does not mean states and state sovereignty are in decline
- states have adapted to globalisation. They seek to protect and/or promote themselves and their sovereignty through non state acrtors and economic/political interconnection, e.g. some countries use media to advance their interests
- some states have enhanced by globalisation - Chinas global influence has dramatically increased
21
Q
What are the basic ideas to realism
A
- Human nature is naturally selfish
- it is fixed, driven and cannot change
- therefore states are selfish and act in their own national interest
- states are motivated by a need to survive and dominate
22
Q
What are the basic ideas to liberalism
A
- more optimistic views on human nature. It is not fixed and can change
- humans exist through cooperation and progressing toward a better society
- states can therefore act in the interest of other states as well as themselves
- a rule based on international order can exist and is more desirable
23
Q
What is key belief number one about realism to Do with states
A
- states are the most important actor in international affairs
- this is because states are sovereign over themselves and because they possess the best capability for hard power
24
Q
What is key belief number 2 realism to do with pool balls
A
- states are unitary(internally coherent, externally differentiated)
- Billiard ball model
25
What is key belief number 3 realism Minecraft
- primary goal of all states is to survive
26
Key belief number 4 realism selfishness
- states act in own self interest
- they ensure survival by prioritising their own security
- they rely on self help
- they think morality is irrevealent to international affairs
27
What is a security dilemma
- the idea that as one state builds up its defences, others will respond by building up theirs, thereby increasing tensions between states or even provoking conflict
28
What is classical realism and key thinker
- a theory that looks to human nature as the root cause in explaining the behaviour of states in the international system - the goal of every states, as with every individual is to become more powerful
Key thinker = Hans Morgenthau
29
What is structural realism and key thinker
A theory that looks at the structure of the international system as the root cause in explaining the behaviour of states. The international system is anarchical and therefore states must accumulate power in order to ensure their survival.
Key thinker = Kenneth waltz
30
What is offensive realism and key thinker
A theory that argues as a rule of the international system being anarchical, states are inclined to behave as power maximises.
Key thinker = John mearshimer
31
What is defensive realism and key thinker
A theory that argues that as a result of the international system being anarchical states are include to behave as security maximisers
Key thinker = Stephen Walt
32
What was john mearsheimer famous quote
‘ in the anarchic world of international politics, it is better to be Godzilla than Bambi’
