STD's Flashcards by Kristin Blanding

gonorrhea, chlamydia, vaginitis, syphilis, HIV/AIDS, genital herpes, genital warts, chancroid, granuloma inguinale, molloscum contagiosum, and pubic lice are all ___.

STD’s

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STI screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea:
trichomonas:
HSV, syphilis:
HIV, hepatitis:

cervical culture
vaginal swab
lesion swab
serologic

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Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacteria w/a gram-___ cell wall. ___ are highest risk group.

negative, adolescents

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Consider ___ ___ if STD’s found in young children.

sexual abuse

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The pathogens C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci, and C. trachomatis can all cause ___.

pneumonia

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Usual agents that cause cervicitis include ___ and ___.

chlamydia, gonococcus

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There is testicular inflammation and scrotal pain in ___.

epididymitis

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A torsion requires emergency ___.

surgery

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First-line tx for chlamydia is:

Azithromycin - single dose OR doxycycline 100mg BID x 7 days

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Lymphogranuloma venereum is a ___ infection that presents with multiple, enlarged, matted, tender ___ lymph nodes and may produce a ___. DOC is ___.

chlamydia, inguinal, doxycycline

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Chlamydia conjunctivitis shows up ___-___ days after birth. Gonococcal conjunctivitis shows up ___-___ days after birth. HSV conjunctivitis shows up in first ___ days after birth.

7-14, 2-4, 14

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Chlamydia conjunctivitis is tx’ed w/:

Erythromycin topical AND erythromycin oral

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Chlamydia education after being dx’ed: no intercourse for ___ days after completion of azithromycin, no intercourse until ___ has been tx’ed, repeat testing ___ wks after Rx for pregnant women, all women should have repeat testing ___-___ months post-infection.

7, partner, 3, 3-4

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Presentation of gonorrhea in men:

in women:

urethritis (symptomatic), epididymitis

cervicitis (asymptomatic), urethritis, PID, perihepatitis, accessory gland inf

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Presentation of chlamydia in men:

in women:

urethritis, epididymitis, Reiter’s syndrome

cervicitis, urethritis, PID, perhepatitis

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Pregnant women w/STD’s should not be tx’ed w/___ or ___.

quinolones, tetracyclines

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Gonorrhea education includes: no sex until ___ is completed and symptoms have ___, treat the pt’s ___, follow up for repeat testing in ___ months.

therapy/antibx, resolved, partner, 3

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___ usually presents w/discharge, irritation, and odor. It is NOT an ___. ___ ___ is the most common cause of vaginitis.

Vaginitis, STD, bacterial vaginosis

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With vaginitis, a speculum exam is important to r/o ___ as the source of discharge.

cervicitis

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DOC for bacterial vaginosis is: ___. Alternative is ___.

metronidazole, clindamycin

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___ in women has risk for premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, and low birthwt. Can cause ___ in women.

Trichomonas, vaginitis

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DOC for trichomonas is ___. ___ should be avoided d/t antabuse.

metronidazole 2 gms single dose or 500mg BID x 7 days, alcohol

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Trichomonas should be tested for other ___. It is almost always ___ transmitted. It is associated w/increased susceptibility to ___. ___ should be tested as well.

STD’s, sexually, HIV, partners

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Candidiasis is not considered to be an ___. Typically caused by ___. Appears as thick, white, and clumpy like ___-___.

STD, antibx, cottage-cheese

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Candidiasis DOC is: ___. Contraindicated in ___ women. Maintain vaginal flora and avoid ___ b/c it can alter vaginal flora and makes it more prone for infection.

fluconazole, pregnant, douching

Differential btwn BV, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis is based on ___.

microscopy

Normal pH is ___-___. In BV and trichonomoniasis, it is ___ 4.5, and in candidiasis, it is ___ 4.5

3.8-4.2, >, <

___ ___ has been associated w/pregnancy complications, HIV, and PID.

Bacterial vaginosis

You need 3 of the 4 diagnostic criteria for Dx of BV: ___ homogenous discharge, pH > ___, + ___ test, > 20% clue cells on ___.

gray, 4.5, whiff, microscopy

___ partners of pt's w/BV do not need to be tx'ed, but ___ partners should.

male, female

S/E of metronidazole include: severe ___ if consume ___ while taking it (aka ___), sharp ___ taste, ___ urine.

vomiting, alcohol, antabuse, metallic, dark

Meds that can cause candida/yeast infections:

antibx, corticosteroids, pregnancy, diabetes, HIV disease

Dx for candida is not by ___, but by visualization through ___.

culture, microscopy

___ should not be used during pregnancy or lactation d/t it being a category ___.

Metronidazole, C

The 3 etiologies for vaginitis include:

bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis

Partners should be tx'ed for ___.

trichomoniasis

___ syphilis present w/ulcer or chancre that is usually ___ and heals w/in ___.

primary, painless, wks

Chancroid is an ulcer that is ___ and has tender ___. Tx is w/___.

painful, lymphadenopathy, azithromycin

___ syphilis presents w/HA, fever, malaise, ___ on palms and soles, and involves the ___ and ___ organs.

secondary, rash, kidney, liver

___ syphilis presents w/___-like lesions. Involves ___ and ___ systems. Can show up ___ later.

tertiary, rubbery, neuro, cardio, decades

DOC for primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis is ___. If allergic to PCN, then ___ or ___.

Benzathine PCN G, doxycycline, tetracycline

If syphilis is tx'ed w/PCN, a common reaction is ___. Occurs when a large amt of ___ die and release their cell walls in the ___. Tx for it is ___.

Jarisch-Herxheimer, bacteria, bloodstream, antipyretics

Want to evaluate pt's w/syphilis for ___. Return for follow-up serology at ___ and ___ months or every ___ months if HIV +.

HIV, 6, 12, 3

``` HSV-1: HSV-2: HSV-3: HSV-4: HSV-5: HSV-6: HSV-7: HSV-8: ```

``` stomatitis/herpes labialis genital herpes varicella-zoster Epstein-Barr (EBV) cytomegalovirus (CMV) exanthem subitum ("roseola") works in tandem w/HHV-6 Kaposi'e sarcoma ```

HSV-1 and HSV-2 can cause ___ ___ ___. The predominant one is ___.

genital herpes simplex, HSV-2

Herpes simplex virus (aka ___ ___) appears ___-___ days after exposure and resolves over ___-___ wks. Dx is w/ ___ of lesion. Tx is w/ ___, as well as ___ for pain.

genital herpes, 3-7, 1-2, culture, acyclovir, analgesics

When collecting a culture, can only collect from ___ lesions, not ___ lesions.

open/erupted, crusted-over

True or False: tx recurrent episodes the same as primary/initial episodes.

true

The 3 medications for tx of HSV/genital herpes include:

acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir

___ therapy reduces the frequency of genital herpes by 70-80% and is taken ___ to prevent breakouts.

Suppressive, daily

Women w/out S/S of genital herpes can give birth ___. Women w/recurrent breakouts must have ___ birth.

vaginally, abdominal

HSV can be transmitted to a partner during ___ periods b/c viral shedding can still occur.

asymptomatic

___ is arguably the most common STD. Majority of sexually active adults acquire ___ at some point in their lives.

HPV, HPV

Tx for condyloma acuminata (aka ___ ___) include:

genital warts, cryotherapy, laser, sharp excision, topical cream (imiquimod, trichcloroacetic acid, podphyllum)

Genital warts Dx is usually made by ___.

visualization

Pt-applied topical Rx for genital warts/HPV include:

podofilox (Condylox), imiquimod (Aldara)

Cryotherapy is ___ administered.

provider

Follow up for ___ is not mandatory and is not ___.

HPV, reportable

Vaccines for HPV include: ___ and ___. Cervarix only tx's ___ ___, whereas gardasil tx's both ___ ___ and ___ CA. Recommended for females ages ___-___ and males ages ___-___.

Cervarix and Gardasil, cervical cancer, genital warts, cervical, 13-26, 9-26

Higher risk for cervical cancer is HPV types ___ and ___. Lower risk for cervical cancer and genital warts is present in HPV types ___ and ___.

16, 18, 6, 11

___ includes gonorrhea and chlamydia.

Cervicitis

Chancre refers to ___. Chancroid refers to etiology of ___

syphilis, H. ducreyi

___ presents w/friable, red, inflamed cervix and ___ discharge.

Cervicitis, mucoid

Obligated to perform ___ exam if pt having discharge.

pelvic

___ is DOC for uncomplicated gonorrhea tx. Unless ___ infection is r/o, CDC recommends co-tx for both since one usually accompanies the other.

Ceftriaxone, chlamydial

___ ___ has a "fish" odor. This and ___ have odorous discharge.

Bacterial vaginosis, trichomonias

___ ___ is an anaerobic bacterial overgrowth and is the most common cause of vaginitis. Not considered an ___.

Bacterial vaginosis, STD

Intravaginal metronidazole is ineffective in the tx of ___.

trichomonas

Nontreponemal and treponemal are serology tests used to dx ___. Look at ___ and ___.

syphilis, VDRL, RPR

Reactivation of genital herpes simplex could include:

trauma, fever, ultra-violet light, stress

___ is the first-line tx for condyloma acuminata (aka ___ ___)

trichcloroacetic acid (TCA)

With tx of imiquimod, wash w/soap and water ___-___ hrs after application.

6-10

The quadrivalent HPV vaccine (___) is used in males aged 9-26

Gardasil