STDs, Pap Smear, Prenatal Testing in First Trimester

Question 1

Prenatal Profile

Answer 1

CBC (complete Blood count), ABO Blood Type, Rubella Titer, Hepatitis, B, RPR (Rapid Plasma Reigin), HIV

Question 2

CBC

Answer 2

Complete blood count; gives information about the cells in your body; it can show infection, anemia, and some kinds of cancers; hemoglobin and hematocrit levels

Question 3

Hemoglobin

Answer 3

Responsible for iron and oxygen transport; normal value is 11.5-15; When low it is not bringing oxygen to your tissues

Question 4

Hematocrit

Answer 4

Ratio of the volume of red blood cells in the total blood volume, usually between 35-42

Question 5

ABO Blood type, RH, and Antibody Screen

Answer 5

A, B, AB, and O; RH: rhesis factor, negative or positive that is added on to the A or B blood types

Question 6

Rubella Titer

Answer 6

Checks for the mother’s immunity to rubella

Question 7

Hepatitis B

Answer 7

Viral form of hepatitis; contracted through the blood; harmful for newborn, causing liver damage and jaundice, they carry it for the rest of their lives

Question 8

What can STDs cause during pregnancy?

Answer 8

IUGR, neurologic problems, blindness, liver disease, preterm labor, complicated deliver, stillbirth; there are treatments to minimize these risks.

Question 9

RPR (Rapid Plasma Reigin)

Answer 9

Screening test for syphilis. It looks for antibodies that are present in the blood. Treatment is usually an antibiotic. Syphilis can be asymptomatic. Risks: miscarriages, premature births, stillbirths, death of newborn babies, developing symptoms at birth or later (Skin sores, fever, jaundice, anemia, developmental delays)

Question 10

Gonorrhea

Answer 10

TEsted during the first visit during the PAP smear; Risks: can be asymptomatic; if untreated it can cause PID or infertility; Bacterium that can cause blindness if the newborn if passed during birth.

Question 11

Chlamydia

Answer 11

Most frequently reported STD in the US; Silent infection; Bacterium that can cause PID; Risks: preterm deliver, spread to newborn causing eye infection or pneumonia; cured by antibiotics.

Question 12

Trichomoniasis

Answer 12

Considered the most common, curable STD; Parasitical infection, yellow or green and frothy discharge with an unpleasant odor, red irritated itchy vulva or vagina, discofort hen urinating or during intercourse; Risks: preterm deliver, low birth weight

Question 13

Herpes

Answer 13

Can cause sores in the genital area and infections int he mouth and lips, can be asymptomatic. A woman with a herpes outbreak needs a cesarean

Question 14

HPV (Human papilloma Virus)

Answer 14

Causes 80% of cervical cancers. Risks: Genital warts, other cancers

Question 15

HIV

Answer 15

Tested in 1st and 3rd trimesters

Question 16

Pap Smear

Answer 16

Cervical cancer is the most frequent malignancy found during pregnancy. There are no risks associated with the pap smear.

Question 17

Displaysia

Answer 17

Abnormal cells on the pap smear; treatment: further testing through a repeat pap or colposcopy, biopsy

Question 18

What is the recommended Pap schedule?

Answer 18

21-30, Pap smear every 2 years; AFter 30, if they have had 3 normal pap smears, every 3 years. AFter 65, if they have had 3 normal pap smears, they no longer need them

Question 19

Diagnostic Testing

Answer 19

a diagnostic test can usually provide a definitive answer. Generally, it can state whether or not a problem exists. These are usually more than 99% accurate

Question 20

Screening Testing

Answer 20

A screening test will not provide a definitive answer. Generally, it will only state if the chance for a problem is increased or decreased.

Question 21

What is the main goal of prenatal testing?

Answer 21

To offer choice to women.

Question 22

CVS (Chorionic Villi Sampling)

Answer 22

Guide a needle through the cervix and take cells from the placenta (transabdominally); first trimester, 1% miscarriage can occur, Diagnostic tests done at 10-12 weeks, identifies most chromosomal abnormalities; risks: miscarriage, preterm labor, limb abnormality

Question 23

Nuchal Translucency

Answer 23

A Screening test, accuracy is in the high 60s, lots of high false positives; must be done between 10-13 weeks; dates must be spcific; high level ultrasound that measures the fetal neck fold; 2nd part of test is a blood draw that measures proteins associated with Downs and Trisomy 18.