Structure Fire 1

Question 1

What is the fire triangle elements?

Answer 1

1. Oxygen
2. Fuel
3. Heat

By manipulating the fire triangle firefighters can effectively control and extinguish fires

Question 2

What are the 3 types of matter?

Answer 2

1. Solids
2. Liquids
3. Gases

Question 3

What is pyrolysis?

Answer 3

The breakdown of a substance caused by heat

Question 4

What is latent heat of vapour?

Answer 4

The amount of heat needed to change a substance from liquid to vapour (eg. water to stream)

Question 5

What is heat release rate?

Answer 5

The amount of heat energy released over time

Question 6

What is flash point?

Answer 6

The lowest temperature a substance produces a flammable vapour. The flame is not sustained and it flickers

Question 7

What is fire point?

Answer 7

The lowest temperature a substance produces vapour that can be sustained

Question 8

What is auto ignition temperature?

Answer 8

The temperature a fuel will ignite on its own.

Question 9

What is the flammability range?

Answer 9

The ratio of fuel to air. Identification of the lower and upper limits that fire or explosion can occur if a flame or spark was present.

Question 10

What is the neutral plane

Answer 10

The line between hot fire gasses (smoke) and fresh air..

Question 11

What is gravity current?

Answer 11

When fresh air is denser than the hot gases existing in the room

Question 12

What is Thornton rule?

Answer 12

The more oxygen you add the bigger and hotter the fire will get. 1kg of oxygen = 13.1mj of energy

Question 13

What is Charles law?

Answer 13

Gases expand when heated
Gases become less dense and will rise when heated

Question 14

What is gay-lussacs law?

Answer 14

When gases are heated in a confined space the pressure will increase

Question 15

What is fuel controlled?

Answer 15

A fire with more than enough oxygen for combustion

Question 16

What is ventilation control?

Answer 16

Fire is limited by the available air supply

Question 17

What is the basic fire progression?

Answer 17

1. Developing fire
2. Flashover
3. Fully developed
4. Decay

Question 18

What are signs of flashover?

Answer 18

1. Ventilation controlled, vented fire
2. Painful radiant heat
3. Low turbulence neutral plane
4. Fingers of flames through smoke
5. Hot surfaces
6. Increased rate of pyrolysis
7. Increased turbulence of the natural plane

Question 19

What are the signs of backdraught?

Answer 19

1. Ventilation controller, non vented fire with
2. Lack of visible flames
3. Dirty smoke
4. Smoke pulsating through gaps
5. Air being drawn in
6. Indicators of extreme heat

Question 20

Fuel controlled vs ventilation controlled?

Answer 20

Fuel controlled
- developing flame
- high neutral plane
- better visability
-bright yellow flame

Ventilation controlled
- fully developed fire
- low neautral plane
-poor visability
-air being drawn back to fire

Question 21

What is the purpose of a direct attack?

Answer 21

To put the fire out using a jet or spray

Question 22

What is exterior application?

Answer 22

Putting water on the external to help interior operations

Question 23

What is an indirect attack?

Answer 23

To put out the fire by creating large amounts of steam

Question 24

What is gas cooling?

Answer 24

Used to control the fire environment while fire fighters advance forward

Question 25

What are the methods of heat transfer?

Answer 25

1. Conduction- through things 2. Convection- circular 3. Radiation - direct heat from the fire source

Question 26

What are the different classes of fire extinguishers?

Answer 26

Class A- wood, paper cloth, plastics Class B - liquids petrol, oil, paints Class C- gasses, LPG, natural gases Class D- metals, aluminium Class E- electrical Class F- oils and fats

Question 27

What are the different extinguishers and what classes can you use them for?

Answer 27

- Red - water extinguisher (class A) - blue - foam Extinguisher (class B- liquids) - white dry chemical - (class C, gases) Black - co2 - class F electrical Oil/yellow- wet chemical - cooking fats

Question 28

What is salvage?

Answer 28

Describes the actions taken to minimise damage caused by Fire and Water. This also help with fire investigation

Question 29

What is overhauling?

Answer 29

Is the necessary job of checking, turning over and wetting down materials

Question 30

Signs of potential collapse?

Answer 30

-columns buckling - floors damage - displaced columns -bulging walls -cracks in walls -dropped arches

Question 31

What is the value of overhauling?

Answer 31

-Locate hidden fires - prevent rekindling -help determine cause of fire -help with preserving evidence -prevent unnecessary damage

Question 32

What are the 3 stages of salvage?

Answer 32

1. Preventative 2. Protective 3. Recovery

Question 33

What are the 2 ventilation types?

Answer 33

Natural Mechanical

Question 34

What is fire?

Answer 34

The combustion of fuel and oxygen causing heat and light.

Question 35

What is flashover?

Answer 35

When the heat builds up in a room to the point that all the vapours and fuel ignites simultaneously…