Describe the term “long-term regulation” when describing the Na-K-ATPase?
Regulates over a long period of time.
What are the four long term regulators?
- Hormones
- Disease
- Exercise
- Diet
Give examples of hormones that is a long term regulator?
Insulin, T3, Aldosterone and catecholamines
Give examples of disease that are long term regulators?
Diabetes, Renal dysfunction, and neurological disorders
Give examples of exercise that are long term regulators?
Endurance training
Give examples of diet that are long term regulators?
High fat feeding
Describe the term “short-term regulation” when looking at the Na-K-ATPase?
Regulates over a short period of time.
Induces the pump over mins
What are the 3 short term regulators of the sodium potassium pump?>
- Changes in pump affinity for substrates
- Changes in pump activity.
- Covalent modification- changes in protein function
What promotes the translocation of the sodium potassium pump to the plasma membranes?
Insulin promotes this translocation.
What is the signalling mechanism to promote the translocation of the sodium potassium pump?
AS1
Insulin and growth factors pathway
What drug is used to regulate P13K in the insulin pathway?
Wortmannin
What drug is used to regulate the MEK1/2 in the growth factor pathway?
PD
What process does insulin stimulated in order for the sodium pump to be translocated?
Phosphorylation of the alpha 1 and 2 subunits
What type of cell does the insulin stimulates the translocation of the sodium pump?
Skeletal muscle cells
What 2 signalling process are needed for the insulin to translocate the sodium pump?
PKC and ERK signalling
AS1
What 2 things does C peptides do in kidney cells?
Induces phosphorylation of the alpha 1 subunits in HRTC
Translocation of alpha 1 and beta1 subunits to the BLM from an endosomal compartment.
What does contraction do to the surface pump?
Increase the alpha subunits of the sodium pump
What mechanism does contraction increase the sodium pumps?
By ERK-dependent mechanism
What does high fat feeding do to the sodium potassium ATPase?
Modifies its expression which is an antagonise by endurance training
Role of the MAPK signalling?
Serves as a major mechanism for regulating the sodium potassium ATPase