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Flashcards in Studies Deck (14)
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1
Q

Asch

A

Method: had participant sit in a line with others and did simple visual tests. Eventually had confederates answer question wrong to see if participant would say right answer or conform
Result: most of them conformed

2
Q

Pavlov

A

Method: over several conditioning trials, he exposed dogs to the sound of a metronome before giving them food.
Result: the metronome became a conditioned response and cause salivation when presented to the dogs alone

3
Q

Watson

A

Method: They showed baby Albert a white rat and made a loud frightening noise each time, eventually he became frightening just from the rat.
Results: He had been conditioned with a fear response. Then when showed other things with white fear Albert was also afraid due to generalization.

4
Q

Bandura

A

Method: kids were divided into two groups, one was exposed to non aggressive adult models and the other was exposed to an aggressive adult model who beat up the bobo doll. After this the kids were taken to a different room and observed with more toys including a bobo doll
Results: the ones with the aggressive model were much more likely to display violence themselves

5
Q

Milgram

A

Method: he had the participant shock the patients every time they got the answer wrong with the voltage increasing each time.
Results: all of the participants shocked them a lot, most of them continued to the end

6
Q

Harlow

A

method: monkeys were separated into 2 groups, one group nursed from a cloth mother and the other a wire mother. All the monkeys were placed in a room with both mothers.
Results: all the monkeys preferred to cling to the cloth mother regardless of which one they nursed from. This shows that contact comfort is really important for maternal bonding.

7
Q

Rorschach

A

Method: participant looks at ink blots and is asked what it looks like.
Result: the attention is drawn away from the patient so their psychological defenses are weakened and normally hidden aspects of the psyche are revealed. Most people answered with animals and insects, especially depressed people, artists gave the least.

8
Q

Freud

A

Method: Freud claimed to have discovered defense mechanisms
Results:
Repression- forcing disturbing thoughts completely out of consciousness
Regression- retreating to behaviors of an earlier stage of development
Projection- seeing your unconscious urges in other people’s behavior
Reaction formation- doing the exact opposite when having unconscious evil impulses
Sublimation- social accepting ways of discharging anxious energy

9
Q

Seligman

A

Method: dogs were divided into an escape group, no-escape group, and a no-harness control group. The escape and no-escape dogs were put next to each other but in separate panels, they received the exact same shocks, but the escape dog could make them stop by pressing his head to the panel, the no-escape dog had no control. Then all the dogs were placed in a different box where they could jump the barrier to escape the shocks.
Result: the no-escape dogs who previously had no control were much less likely to jump the barrier and if they did they took much longer because they had developed learned helplessness

10
Q

Rosenhan

A

Method: 8 participants served as pseudo-patients to see if the doctors would be able to tell they were normal. They admitted themselves to psychiatric hospitals. They said they were hearing voices that said “empty” “hollow” and “thud”. Other than that they acted completely normal. They were all admitted and all but one diagnosed with schizophrenia. Then they stopped pretending to hear voices with the goal to get released as soon as possible
Results: stays ranged from 7-52 days with an average of 19 days. Not one of the pseudopatients was detected by staff. They also had odd interactions with the staff.

11
Q

Gazzaniga

A

Method: gave patients a visual test that could be transmitted only by one side, a touch test where they could not see what they were touching, and an auditory task of retrieving something from a bag
Results: two different brains exist each with complex abilities

12
Q

Loftus

A
  • participants viewed a video of a car accident and were questioned after, received different questions, half talking about a stop sign, all were asked if they say a stop sign, more people who had the question mentioning a stop sign said they saw one
  • participants watched a film and were given differently worded questions about the amount of people, answers differed based on which question they got
  • watched a video of an accident, half received a question mentioning a barn, more of them said they remember seeing a barn
  • watched a car crash, half were given questions about nonexistent objects, more of them reported seeing them
13
Q

Turnbull

A

Method: observing behavior with a young man Kenge who had only ever been in dense forest
Results: saw the buffalo from far away and thought they were ants until he moves closer because he never developed size constancy

14
Q

Rosenthal

A

Method: teachers were told their students were given a test that determined which students were academic bloomers, which the list was actually random
Results: the kids who the teachers had expected greater intellectual growth had better test scores than the other kids