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study guide 2 Flashcards

1
Q

sound can be defined in 2 ways

A
  1. psychological : act of hearing

2. physical : physical movement of air molecules within the environment

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2
Q

a physical phenomenon which describes a movement or vibration of an elastic medium without permanent displacement of the particles

A

sound

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3
Q

the disturbance of air molecules striking other molecules creates

A

waves

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4
Q

these waves or vibration of air molecules are what the _______ detects when we hear

A

auditory system

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5
Q

the _____ of the medium the molecules are in determine the characteristics of the sound

A

elasticity

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6
Q

characteristics of sound

A

mass
force
inertia
elasticity

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7
Q

quantity of matter present ; air molecules have ____

A

mass

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8
Q

a push or pull on an object; has both magnitude and direction

A

force

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9
Q

the tendency to resist any change in motion

A

inertia

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10
Q

all bodies remain at rest or in a state of uniform motion unless other forces act in opposition

A

newton’s first law

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11
Q

______is the tendency of an object’s resistance to deformity and its return to the rest position

A

elasticity

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12
Q

___ are made up of successive compressions and rarefactions

A

waves

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13
Q

vibration of sound molecules

A

compressions

rarefactions

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14
Q

types of waves

A

transverse
longitudinal
sine

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15
Q

the molecular motion in TWs is perpendicular to the direction of wave motion. i.e. pebble thrown in water

A

transverse waves

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16
Q

important to understand sound; example would be the motion of wheat blowing in a field

A

longitudinal waves

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17
Q

used to graphically and mathematically explain a sound wave since it can not be seen. EX of a bucket filled with sand on the end of a string is used in many texts

A

sine waves

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18
Q

this succession of molecules being shoved together and pulled apart create a motion called

A

waves

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19
Q

successive compression and rarefactions make up ______

A

sound waves

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20
Q

number of complete cycles per unit time

A

frequency

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21
Q

an object’s distance from rest to maximal displacement

A

amplitude

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22
Q

around of time needed to complete on cycle of vibration

A

period

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23
Q

timing of compressions and rarefactions of wave

A

phase

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24
Q

the human ear responds to frequencies between _________ Hz

A

20 and 20,000 Hz

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25
the frequencies between __________ are the most critical for the perception of speech
300 and 3000 Hz
26
as the compliance of a body increases the frequency at which the body is most easily made to vibrate
decreases
27
systems that have more _______vibrate better at high frequencies
elasticity
28
subjective impression of the power of a sound; the unit of measurement is the sone
loudness
29
the subjective impression of the highness or lowness of a sound; the psychological correlate of Hz
pitch
30
length of time
duration
31
the extent of the vibratory mass from its position of rest to that point furthest from the position of rest
amplitude
32
how quickly the wave travels from one point to another
sound velocity
33
velocity of sound in air is
1130 feet per second/ 344 meters per second
34
the ______ of a sound wave is the speed with which it travels form the source to another point
velocity
35
the _____the medium, the faster sound will travel
denser
36
sound travels slower at higher elevation because the ________
air molecules are farther apart ( air is thinner)
37
as density increases the speed of sound though the material
increases
38
is the distance between any point on a sine wave to the same point on another cycle of the wave; the distance between two rarefactions or condensations
wavelength
39
wavelength is inversely proportional to ___
frequency
40
the study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the psychological responses in which they give
psychoacoustics
41
ability to determine what direction the sound originated
localization
42
the reflection of sound from a surface; as this increases, localization ability decreases
reverberation
43
a sound that is made up of a number of different sinusoides, each with a different frequency; Speech is an example
complex sounds
44
each mass has a frequency at which it most naturally vibrates ; a body can e set into motion by frequencies other than this
resonance
45
repeat over time (as in speech or music ) will naturally have a fundamental frequency
periodic sounds
46
(non repeating sound) will not have a fundamental frequency
aperiodic
47
in a periodic complex sound, all frequencies are whole number multiples of the fundamental ; tones which occur above the fundamental Hs are called harmonic or overtones
harmonics
48
the mathematical breakdown of any complex wave into its components parts, consisting of simple sinusoids of different frequencies. the fundamental Hz of the complex wave determine the harmonics
fourier analysis
49
the sum components of a complex wave
spectrum
50
a tone of only one Hz
pure tone
51
highly complex sound, produced by random oscillation, aperiodic
noise
52
the amount of sound energy per unit of area
intensity
53
the relationship in time between two or more waves
phase
54
the intensity of a sound wave
described as decibels (dB)
55
``` Is a ratio utilizes a logarithm nonlinear may be expressed in terms of various reference levels, which must be specified is a relative unit of measure ```
important information about dB
56
audiologist and acousticians use________ rather than intensity terms
Sound pressure level (spl)
57
the lowest sound intensity that stimulates normal hearing; different pressure amounts are required to stimulate zero hearing level at different frequencies
hearing level (HL)
58
the level at which the tone is so soft that it can be perceived only 50% of the time it is presented
threshold of a pure tone
59
the ability to determine the specific location of a sound source; complex phenomenon resulting from the interaction of both ears
localization
60
how is localization possible
because of relative intensities of sounds and their times of arrival at the two ears
61
when two sounds are heard simultaneously, the intensity of one sound may be sufficient to cause the other to be inaudible. this change in the threshold of a sound caused by a second sound with which it coexists is called ____
masking
62
the noise that causes the interference is called the
masker
63
resonance characteristics are defined by
impedance
64
the ______ of a medium is the opposition it presents to the transmission of acoustic energy
impedance
65
how is hearing measured?
with an audiometer
66
allows us to select the frequency we want to present to the test ear;
frequency select
67
allows the user to select the loudness of the tone presented ; typically will range from -10 to around 100 dB HL
intensity (dB hL) Level
68
allows us to select the type of signal we want to present to the ear; we will select from tone, white noise, narrow band noise, speech, or warbled tone
stimulus type
69
correct earphone over the correct ear
red on right and blue on left
70
allows us to choose in which mode the stimulus will be delivered to the patient or test ear
transducer
71
when activated, enables the audiometer to present stimulus simultaneously through both channels of the audiometer with the depressing of either of the stimulus present buttons
interlock or reverse
72
this feature allows the clinician to interrupt testing and speak to the patient without changing any protocols on the audiometer or the need to enter the booth
talk-over
73
allows you to hear the patient while in the sound booth via a microphone
talkback
74
speech can be delivered to the patient either by live voice, tape, or CD presentation; live voice requires the least amount of time; tape recordings provide for the highest degree of reliability and accuracy
speech stimulus
75
used to measure sound pressure levels in the environment
sound level meters

audiology (10 decks)

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