Study Guide 3: Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms Flashcards
π bonds are easily broken and make a __________, a _______, and a ___________
molecule
base
nucleophile
It is an atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical and physical properties – the reactive part of the molecule
Functional Group
indicates how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare
energy diagram
refers to the bond dissociation energy when measured under standard conditions
ΔH ̊
hv
indicates light is needed
Ea
activation energy
gives us a clue to the general type of reaction a particular class of compound undergoes
Reactive Sites
The energy required to break a bond via homolytic bond cleavage
Bond Dissociation Energy
are easily broken and make a molecule, a base, and a nucleophile
π bonds
indicates how readily a reaction proceeds
energy diagram
energy needed to break bonds in the reactants
Activation Energy
one replaces the other, for saturated compounds
Substitution
What are the four types of organic reactions?
addition
rearrangement
elimination
substitution
What are the three common types of functional groups?
Hydrocarbons (C-C and C-H)
Compounds containing C-Z σ bond (where Z – electronegative elements)
Compounds containing a C=O group
Bond Dissociation Energy is energy required to break a bond via?
homolytic bond cleavage
It will start with functional groups, looking for electron-rich and electron-deficient sites, and bonds that might be broken easily
Organic Reactions
(-)ΔH ̊
exothermic reaction
molecules undergo reorganization of its constituent parts
Rearrangement
characteristics of compounds with multiple bonds
addition
is the energy difference between reactants and products
ΔH ̊
Low Ea
fast reaction
Δ
indicates heat is added
opposite of addition
Elimination
It is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants are converted to products
Energy Diagram
