Study guide Spine, Spinal cord and ANS

Question 1

Aortic __________ and __________ send signals to _________ via __________

Answer 1

barorecptors
chemoreceptors
brain
vagus nerve CN X

Question 2

Why are there considered to be 8 cervical nerves?

Answer 2

This is because the Nerves C2-C7 emerge above the respective vertebra however 8 emerges below C7

Question 3

What is only stimulated by the SNS

Answer 3

1. Vascular smooth muscle (skin, Splanchnic, skeletal)

2. sweat glands and pilomotor (hair) muscles of skin

Question 4

The perineum correlates to which dermatomes?

Answer 4

S4, S5

Question 5

Achillis DTR is what dermatome?

Answer 5

S1,S2

Question 6

Where is the sensory nerve cell located

Answer 6

In the dorsal root ganglion

Question 7

Would see hyporeflexia with a lesion to what motor neuron?

Answer 7

LMN

Question 8

Ureter pain can radiate to which dermatomes?

Answer 8

From T12 to L2

Question 9

Atrophy of muscle would be a result of a lesion to what motor neuron?

Answer 9

LMN

Question 10

parasympathetic portion of the motor ANS is what

Answer 10

craniosacral -parasympathetic nerves come from cranial and sacral portion

Question 11

Name the tract that deals with light touch like a cotton swab?

Answer 11

Anterior spinothalamic tract

Question 12

Describe referred pain?

Answer 12

A sensation comes into the spinal cord at one level but is interpreted as coming from another structure at the same spinal cord

Question 13

Damage to the mechanoreceptors will cause what kind of affect

Answer 13

Well mechanoreceptors function is to detect light (crude) touch, fine (discriminative touch), pressure, vibration, proprioception

Damage to these would cause a lack of sensation

Question 14

Esophagus pain can radiate to which dermatomes?

Answer 14

T4, T5

Question 15

what part of the body does dermatome C8 corollate with?

Answer 15

Tip of the little (pinky) finger

Question 16

At what level is the clonus medullaris in the adult?

Answer 16

this sits at the T12-L2/3 level

Question 17

What are the three sensory receptors?

Answer 17

1. Mechanoreceptors
2. Thermoreceptors
3. Nocireceptors

Question 18

Heart pain can cause a sensation in what dermatomes?

Answer 18

T1, T2, T3, T4, T5

Question 19

Chemoreceptor is the carotid are sensitive to what? and send their signal to ______ via the ________

Answer 19

-they are sensitive to pO2 and a lesser degree pCO2, pH

• Medulla
• Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

Question 20

What other are in the body would cause sensation in C3, C4, C5

Answer 20

the diaphragm

Question 21

What stimulates Nocireceptors?

Answer 21

Tissue damaging stimuli

Question 22

A spinal nerve is made up of what 2 things

Answer 22

Spinal nerve is formed by the junction of the sensory nerve root and motor nerve root

Question 23

Sympathetic nervous system the neuron is in a _________ _________ _______ _______ and there is a _________ post-ganglionic fiber

Answer 23

paravertebral sympathetic trunk ganglion

Long

Question 24

What spinal cord diseases are associated with motor defects

Answer 24

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Poliomyelitis

Question 25

Where does the lateral spinothalamic tract decussate?

Answer 25

this tract decussates 1-2 levels above where it enters

Question 26

Where do the orienting sensory inputs come from?

Answer 26

Spinocerebellar tract, vestibular apparatus (CN VIII), and extraocular muscles (CN III, IV, VI)

Question 27

Dermatomes T12-L1 cover what part of the body

Answer 27

The groin

Question 28

Carotid sinus contains ________ that send their signal to the _________ via the ___________

Answer 28

- baroreceptors - Brian - Glossopharyngeal never

Question 29

What do the sensory fibers that run next to the sympathetic fibers mainly concerned with?

Answer 29

visceral pain

Question 30

The umbilicus is what dermatome?

Answer 30

T10

Question 31

Someone kicks you in the posterior thigh, what dermatome did they stimulate

Answer 31

S2

Question 32

Name the two motor tracts?

Answer 32

1. Lateral corticospinal (pyramidal) tract | 2. Extrapyramidal tract

Question 33

People with depression have been known to cut the inner anterior thigh. What dermatome are they stimulating?

Answer 33

L3

Question 34

Flaccid paralysis is caused by a lesion to what motor neuron? Upper or Lower

Answer 34

Lower motor neuron

Question 35

What does the lateral corticospinal tract mediate

Answer 35

mediates volitional motor activity and decussates at medulla

Question 36

Sympathetic portion of the motor ANS is what

Answer 36

Thoracolumbar

Question 37

What is the breakdown of cervical vertebra

Answer 37

7- cervical vertebra- 8 nerves 12- Thoracic Vertebra- 12 nerves 5- Lumbar vertebra- 5 nerves 5- Sacral vertebra- 5 nerves and one coccygeal nerve

Question 38

pain in the chest or pericardium can be felt in what dermatomes and how or through what nerve?

Answer 38

Pericardium pain can radiate through C3, C4, and C5 because of the phrenic nerve

Question 39

What spinal cord disease is associated with sensory defect?

Answer 39

Tabes Dorsalis/ Romberg sign

Question 40

Where does the medial lemniscus tract decussate?

Answer 40

in the medulla

Question 41

What level is the clonus medullaris in an infant

Answer 41

The clonus medullaris in an infant can be as low as L3-L4

Question 42

If someone damaged the extrapyramidal tract would they have normal coordination still or decreased?

Answer 42

They would have decrease coordination because the extrapyramidal tract coordinates movement

Question 43

Vertebra have dorsal (posterior) and Ventral (anterior) horns, what do motor neurons come out of, what do sensory neurons travel in

Answer 43

Motor neurons go out from anterior (ventral) horns Sensory- Posterior (dorsal root) horns

Question 44

Name the tract associated with discriminative touch, proprioception, position, vibration, fine pressure and touch

Answer 44

Dorsal column- Medial lemniscus tract-sensory

Question 45

What can cause spinal stenosis (narrowing of canal)

Answer 45

1. Spondylosis- degenerative disc disease of the unconvertebral joint (cervical spine only) 2. Degenerative facet joint (zygapophyseal joint) 3. Hypertrophy of the posterior longitudinal ligament 4. Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum 5. or a combination of all of the above

Question 46

What dermatome is tested with the bicep DTR

Answer 46

C6

Question 47

What are the components to a reflex arc?

Answer 47

``` A receptor – muscle spindle. An afferent fibre – muscle spindle afferent. An integration centre An efferent fibre – α-motor neurones. An effector – muscle. ```

Question 48

What is dermatome C4

Answer 48

football shoulder pad area

Question 49

What kind of pain is associated with Nocireceptors

Answer 49

fast fibers: carry fast sharp pain and temp | Slow fibers: Carry slow aching/burning pain and temp

Question 50

What do you need to remember about referred pain with the appendix?

Answer 50

The appendix has dual transmission. 1. Visceral via the SNS to T10 2. Somatic via the peritoneum to RLQ

Question 51

Parasympathetic neurons have _______ preganglionic fibers and _________ post ganglionic fibers

Answer 51

Long | Short

Question 52

What is spondylosis and sequella

Answer 52

degenerative disc disease

Question 53

What does the T1 dermatome refer to?

Answer 53

Skin over the medial elbow

Question 54

Why do you have spasticity in a reflex with a lesion to the UMN

Answer 54

This is because you are not receiving any regulatory input from the cerebral cortex. A reflex arc does not require input from the brain to happen just to regulate the action

Question 55

What spinal cord diseases are associated with both sensory and motor defects

Answer 55

Brown sequard syndrome and anterior spinal artery syndrome

Question 56

visceral sensory fibers associated with parasympathetic fibers are mainly concerned with what?

Answer 56

relaying info to the CNS about the status of normal physiological processes and reflex activities

Question 57

Hypertonia would happen from a lesion to what motor neuron

Answer 57

UMN

Question 58

What is the function of an internuncial neuron?

Answer 58

These neurons relay information from afferent sensory neurons to efferent motor neurons

Question 59

Testing the tricep DTR correlates with what dermatome?

Answer 59

C7

Question 60

Stubbing the little toe sucks just as bad as big (great) toe. However what dermatome are you stimulating with the little toe?

Answer 60

S1

Question 61

The tip of the index finger refers to what dermatome

Answer 61

C7

Question 62

what dermatome is tested with the brachioradalis DTR

Answer 62

C6

Question 63

What is the sleep area dermatome?

Answer 63

C2

Question 64

If the tip of both your thumbs were cut off, which dermatome could you not test for?

Answer 64

dermatome C6

Question 65

People inject epi pens in the anterolateral part of the thigh. What dermatome are the stimulating?

Answer 65

L2

Question 66

Name the sensory tract that carries pain and temperature

Answer 66

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 67

Where does the anterior spinothalamic tract decussate?

Answer 67

at the level of entry or 10 levels above but before the medulla

Question 68

Nothing is worse than when you stub you big toe on something. What dermatome are you stimulating with this?

Answer 68

L4

Question 69

Stomach pain (we all love this) can radiate to which dermatomes?

Answer 69

T5, T6, T7

Question 70

The nipple line is what dermatome?

Answer 70

T4

Question 71

Do internuncial neurons increase or decrease level of response to pain

Answer 71

they increase the response

Question 72

Where can chemoreceptors be found?

Answer 72

in the aorta and carotid artery

Question 73

Patellar knee jerk DTR is what dermatome?

Answer 73

L3,L4

Question 74

What two test are used to test the medial lemniscus tract

Answer 74

Romberg sign, stereognosis

Question 75

upper abdominal DTR is what dermatome? and lower is what dermatome?

Answer 75

upper T8-T10 | Lower T10-T12

Question 76

You would see hyperefelxia with a lesion to what motor neuron?

Answer 76

UMN