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VTT 114 > study questions (wk 1-2) > Flashcards

study questions (wk 1-2) Flashcards

1
Q

hazard communication standard

A

contains requirements for employers to evaluate potential chemical hazards and communicate info about them and take appropriate protective measures

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2
Q

when is a secondary container label required

A

when the product is not in its original container

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3
Q

zoonoses

A

diseases spread between humans and animals

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4
Q

3 types of samples presented for analysis that might contain zoonotic diseases

A

body fluids, feces, skin scrapings

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5
Q

3 types of PPE

A

eye protection, protective clothing, gloves

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6
Q

4 types of lab equipment (in-house clinic)

A

microscope, refractometer, microhematocrit centrifuge, clinical centrifuge

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7
Q

why are blood collection tubes color coded

A

some are used for different samples, tests, animals, etc. and limits how much blood you need; presence or absence of additives

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8
Q

sediment

A

heavy elements that sink to bottom

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9
Q

supernatant

A

liquid components of sample after spinning

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10
Q

swim arm centrifuge

A

tube holders swing out in motion

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11
Q

2 disadvantages of swing arm centrifuge

A

heat build up at excessive speeds and mixing sediment and supernatant when stops and reverts to vertical position

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12
Q

why are samples balanced when in centrifuge

A

avoids wobbling, no liquid is forced from tube, less damage overall

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13
Q

what can happen to a sample if CVT spins for too long or fast

A

ruptured cells, changes in morphology

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14
Q

refractometer

A

measures refractive index of a solution

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15
Q

how to use and aftercare of refractometer

A

place drop of sample on prism, close cover, bring into light and focus interface line by turning eyepiece; wipe down prism with lens paper and then use distilled water and a paper towel after each use

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16
Q

mechanical stage control

A

hold slide in place; moves stage back and forth and left and right

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17
Q

condenser

A

focus light from light source by raising and lowering condenser

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18
Q

diaphragm

A

opens and closes to control amount of light

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19
Q

rheostat

A

brightness control; adjusts intensity of light

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20
Q

scanning magnification

A

x4

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21
Q

low power magnification

A

x10

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22
Q

high power magnification

A

x40

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23
Q

oil immersion magnification

A

x100

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24
Q

how is total magnification calculated

A

ocular lens x objective lens

25
Q

total magnification for higher power objective

A

10 x 40 = 400

26
Q

par focal

A

objectives that can be changed with minimal or no refocusing; not having to adjust the course focus when moving from the lower objectives to the higher objectives

27
Q

8 steps to clean and store microscope

A

the 10X objective is in place (pointed down), slide has been removed, oculars and each objective has been cleaned with lens paper (clean 100X
last), the power is off, if the stage was dirty - it has been wiped clean, the cord is wrapped around the cord rack, the cover is on, you are using two hands to lift and carry it

28
Q

hematology

A

science involved with the study of blood cells and their formations

29
Q

hemoglobin

A

iron-containing molecule in RBCs that binds oxygen for transport

30
Q

7 major functions of blood

A

carry oxygen from lungs to tissues of body, transport carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs, transport nutrients from intestines to liver for more processing, delivers hormones to their sites of actions, removal of waste products from the cell and transporting them to kidney, body temp regulation, and carries components of the immune system

31
Q

hematopoiesis

A

production of blood cells and platelets

32
Q

WBCs considered agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

33
Q

WBCs considered granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

34
Q

why are blood cells constantly being produced

A

they have a finite life span (limited and must be replaced)

35
Q

hematopoietic activity in prenatal, neonatal and juvenile, and adult

A

prenatal: liver, spleen, thymus, red bone marrow; juvenile: red bone marrow (found in nearly every bone in a fetus or young animal - main site for production of blood cells); adult: red bone marrow (or liver and spleen if stressed)

36
Q

erythropoiesis

A

production of reythrocytes

37
Q

thrombopoiesis

A

production of platelets

38
Q

granulopoiesis

A

production of granulocytes

39
Q

lymphopenia

A

decreased number of lymphocytes

40
Q

pancytopenia

A

decrease of all blood cell types

41
Q

leukocytosis

A

increase number of leukocytes

42
Q

left-shift

A

increased number of immature neutrophils in blood

43
Q

leukemia

A

neoplastic cells in blood or bone marrow

44
Q

leukemoid response

A

characterized by marked leukocytosis, usually inflammatory disease

45
Q

8 tests in CBC

A

total RBC count, PCV, plasma protein concentration, total WBC count, blood smear examination, reticulocyte count if anemic, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte indices

46
Q

what is included in blood film evaluation

A

Differential WBC count, RBC and leukocyte morphology

47
Q

PCV

A

hematocrit; packed cell volume; percent of whole blood composed of RBC

48
Q

why do RBC gravitate to bottom of tube in centrifugation

A

higher specific gravity point

49
Q

Buffy coat

A

consists of WBC and platelets

50
Q

normal plasma color

A

clear, pale yellow/tan

51
Q

icteric plasma color

A

yellow

52
Q

lipemia plasma color

A

white, milky

53
Q

hemolyzed plasma color

A

pale pink, wine red

54
Q

PCV below normal condition

A

anemia

55
Q

PCV too high

A

polycythemia (dehydrated)

56
Q

test after PCV in hematocrit tube

A

plasma protein concentration; total protein/total solids

57
Q

if plasma protein conc/TP or TS above is normal; too low

A

Increased-dehydration, decreased-overhydration

58
Q

formula for estimating RBCs in a ul of blood using PCV

A

PCV/6 x 1,000,000 = RBC/ul

59
Q

formula for estimating hemoglobin using PCV

A

PCV/3 (round to one decimal place) = g/dl of hemoglobin

VTT 114 (12 decks)

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