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VTT 110 > study questions wk 7 > Flashcards

study questions wk 7 Flashcards

1
Q

The lymph nodes are part of what body system?

A

lymphoid system

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2
Q

What are the two main functions of the lymph nodes?

A
  1. Production and storage site for lymphocytes
  2. Filter out Pathogens, Damaged cells, Cancer cells
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3
Q

peripheral lymph nodes that are palpable in the dog and cat

A

Inguinal, axillary, submandibular, popliteal, pre-scapular

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4
Q

Which superficial lymph nodes are usually not palpable unless they are
enlarged?

A

Inguinal and axillary

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5
Q

What abnormalities should you observe while palpating the nodes?

A

Pain, swelling, hot to the touch, compare bilaterally

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6
Q

Lymphadenectasis

A

a change in size and/or shape (texture) of the lymph nodes

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7
Q

Submandibular location

A

just rostral to the mandibular salivary gland at the angle of the mandible

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8
Q

Prescapular location

A

found along the anterior border of the supraspinatus of the scapula

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9
Q

Axillary locaton

A

Axillary region; armpit

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10
Q

Popliteal location

A

caudal to the stifle

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11
Q

Inguinal location

A

Inguinal region

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12
Q

What should you be observing for when palpating the muscles of the head and limbs?

A

Atrophy & symmetry

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13
Q

Atrophy

A

muscle degeneration

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14
Q

How should you perform the examination of an animal’s bones and joints?

A

Palpate each bone and joint for pain and swelling

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15
Q

crepitus

A

cracking; by friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone

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16
Q

Explain the process of examining the vertebrae. What would indicate that a
problem might exist?

A

Place pressure on each spinous process (along the spine); animal would flinch or drop away from the pressure

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17
Q

What observations are made when performing a basic nervous system exam?

A

“The Basics”
-ability to ambulate
-gait
-posture mental status
-awareness of surroundings
-response to stimuli

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18
Q

the general appearance of the animal should be observed when examining the nervous system. Specifically, what abnormalities would you observe?

A

-Dull mentation (QAR)
-ataxia (poor muscle control/clumsy)
-poor posture
-head tilt

19
Q

What specific observation of the eye would be made during the examination of the nervous system?

A

Pupillary Light Reflex

20
Q

How is the animal’s perception of deep and superficial pain assessed?

A

Toe pinch

21
Q

panniculus reflex

A

Pinching or pricking the skin on the back just lateral to midline, start at area close to tail and slowly work
forward *Normal reflex is contraction of subcutaneous muscle (the crawl) at point of stimulus

22
Q

How is the anal tone assessed?

A

Anus should be closed (not gaping open)

23
Q

perineal reflex

A

Touch area around anus with forceps and watch for the “wink” (contraction of anal sphincter)

24
Q

Normally the veterinarian will specify the route of administration to be used.
What are some of the factors that will be considered when making this
decision?

A

Duration of effect and speed of action

25
Q

What is a subcutaneous injection and what types of medications are often given using this route?

A

An injection given beneath the skin, most often for vaccines

26
Q

Intradermal injections

A

given within the dermal layer

27
Q

subcutaneous injections

A

given beneath the dermal layer usually in the SC fat

28
Q

Why are subcutaneous injections the most common parental injection used in small animal veterinary medicine?

A

Animals tolerate well, easy to administer

29
Q

Isotonic

A

balanced concentration

30
Q

Hypertonic

A

higher fluid concentration

31
Q

Hypotonic

A

lower fluid concentration

32
Q

What may result if a drug that is not isotonic is injected subcutaneously?

A

It may cause irritation and possibly necrosis

33
Q

speed of absorption

A

SC sporadic absorption
IM quickly absorbed

34
Q

speed of action

A

SC slower than IM

35
Q

duration of action

A

SC longer duration than IM

36
Q

aspirate once the needle is beneath the skin but before administering.
Describe what is being done and why?

A

You must pull back on the plunger to
determine whether you are in the SC layer and NOT in a blood vessel (blood) or outside the skin (air)

37
Q

What are the anatomical sites that are commonly used to administer
intramuscular injections to dogs and cats?

A

Semimembranosus/semitendinosus,
quadricep muscle, triceps muscle

38
Q

What precaution must be taken when administering drugs IM using the
semimembranosus or semitendinosus muscles? Why?

A

You MUST direct your needle away from the femur (caudally) so as not to hit the sciatic nerve, veins or arteries

39
Q

What is the recommended length and gauge needles used to administer IM and SC injections to animal weighing less than 60 lb?

A

22g X ¾”

40
Q

What is the purpose of swabbing the rubber stoppers of drug vials before
inserting a needle into the vial?

A

Wipe away any debris (aseptic technique)

41
Q

You are administering an IM injection to a dog as you aspirate before injecting the drug, blood comes back into the needle hub and syringe. What does this indicate and what should you do? Why?

A

You may be in a blood vessel you
should come out and start over

42
Q

You have just completed the intramuscular injection of a drug to Sam, a toy poodle. What information must be entered into Sam’s record?

A

Date, time, drug name, concentration, amount given and route given

43
Q

You are administering a SC injection. As you are inserting the needle you meet resistance and the dog yelps in pain. What could be causing the problem that is being experienced?

A

Your needle may be up against the skin or at an incorrect angle also if your bevel is not up you may feel resistance

VTT 110 (12 decks)

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