study questions wk 7

Question 1

The lymph nodes are part of what body system?

Answer 1

lymphoid system

Question 2

What are the two main functions of the lymph nodes?

Answer 2

1. Production and storage site for lymphocytes
2. Filter out Pathogens, Damaged cells, Cancer cells

Question 3

peripheral lymph nodes that are palpable in the dog and cat

Answer 3

Inguinal, axillary, submandibular, popliteal, pre-scapular

Question 4

Which superficial lymph nodes are usually not palpable unless they are
enlarged?

Answer 4

Inguinal and axillary

Question 5

What abnormalities should you observe while palpating the nodes?

Answer 5

Pain, swelling, hot to the touch, compare bilaterally

Question 6

Lymphadenectasis

Answer 6

a change in size and/or shape (texture) of the lymph nodes

Question 7

Submandibular location

Answer 7

just rostral to the mandibular salivary gland at the angle of the mandible

Question 8

Prescapular location

Answer 8

found along the anterior border of the supraspinatus of the scapula

Question 9

Axillary locaton

Answer 9

Axillary region; armpit

Question 10

Popliteal location

Answer 10

caudal to the stifle

Question 11

Inguinal location

Answer 11

Inguinal region

Question 12

What should you be observing for when palpating the muscles of the head and limbs?

Answer 12

Atrophy & symmetry

Question 13

Atrophy

Answer 13

muscle degeneration

Question 14

How should you perform the examination of an animal’s bones and joints?

Answer 14

Palpate each bone and joint for pain and swelling

Question 15

crepitus

Answer 15

cracking; by friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone

Question 16

Explain the process of examining the vertebrae. What would indicate that a
problem might exist?

Answer 16

Place pressure on each spinous process (along the spine); animal would flinch or drop away from the pressure

Question 17

What observations are made when performing a basic nervous system exam?

Answer 17

“The Basics”
-ability to ambulate
-gait
-posture mental status
-awareness of surroundings
-response to stimuli

Question 18

the general appearance of the animal should be observed when examining the nervous system. Specifically, what abnormalities would you observe?

Answer 18

-Dull mentation (QAR)
-ataxia (poor muscle control/clumsy)
-poor posture
-head tilt

Question 19

What specific observation of the eye would be made during the examination of the nervous system?

Answer 19

Pupillary Light Reflex

Question 20

How is the animal’s perception of deep and superficial pain assessed?

Answer 20

Toe pinch

Question 21

panniculus reflex

Answer 21

Pinching or pricking the skin on the back just lateral to midline, start at area close to tail and slowly work
forward *Normal reflex is contraction of subcutaneous muscle (the crawl) at point of stimulus

Question 22

How is the anal tone assessed?

Answer 22

Anus should be closed (not gaping open)

Question 23

perineal reflex

Answer 23

Touch area around anus with forceps and watch for the “wink” (contraction of anal sphincter)

Question 24

Normally the veterinarian will specify the route of administration to be used.
What are some of the factors that will be considered when making this
decision?

Answer 24

Duration of effect and speed of action

Question 25

What is a subcutaneous injection and what types of medications are often given using this route?

Answer 25

An injection given beneath the skin, most often for vaccines

Question 26

Intradermal injections

Answer 26

given within the dermal layer

Question 27

subcutaneous injections

Answer 27

given beneath the dermal layer usually in the SC fat

Question 28

Why are subcutaneous injections the most common parental injection used in small animal veterinary medicine?

Answer 28

Animals tolerate well, easy to administer

Question 29

Isotonic

Answer 29

balanced concentration

Question 30

Hypertonic

Answer 30

higher fluid concentration

Question 31

Hypotonic

Answer 31

lower fluid concentration

Question 32

What may result if a drug that is not isotonic is injected subcutaneously?

Answer 32

It may cause irritation and possibly necrosis

Question 33

speed of absorption

Answer 33

SC sporadic absorption IM quickly absorbed

Question 34

speed of action

Answer 34

SC slower than IM

Question 35

duration of action

Answer 35

SC longer duration than IM

Question 36

aspirate once the needle is beneath the skin but before administering. Describe what is being done and why?

Answer 36

You must pull back on the plunger to determine whether you are in the SC layer and NOT in a blood vessel (blood) or outside the skin (air)

Question 37

What are the anatomical sites that are commonly used to administer intramuscular injections to dogs and cats?

Answer 37

Semimembranosus/semitendinosus, quadricep muscle, triceps muscle

Question 38

What precaution must be taken when administering drugs IM using the semimembranosus or semitendinosus muscles? Why?

Answer 38

You MUST direct your needle away from the femur (caudally) so as not to hit the sciatic nerve, veins or arteries

Question 39

What is the recommended length and gauge needles used to administer IM and SC injections to animal weighing less than 60 lb?

Answer 39

22g X ¾”

Question 40

What is the purpose of swabbing the rubber stoppers of drug vials before inserting a needle into the vial?

Answer 40

Wipe away any debris (aseptic technique)

Question 41

You are administering an IM injection to a dog as you aspirate before injecting the drug, blood comes back into the needle hub and syringe. What does this indicate and what should you do? Why?

Answer 41

You may be in a blood vessel you should come out and start over

Question 42

You have just completed the intramuscular injection of a drug to Sam, a toy poodle. What information must be entered into Sam’s record?

Answer 42

Date, time, drug name, concentration, amount given and route given

Question 43

You are administering a SC injection. As you are inserting the needle you meet resistance and the dog yelps in pain. What could be causing the problem that is being experienced?

Answer 43

Your needle may be up against the skin or at an incorrect angle also if your bevel is not up you may feel resistance