Surg 104--Chapter 22 (B&K)

Question 1

anaplasia

Answer 1

Change in cellular differentiation and orientation that causes a more primitive structural apearance and function. Anaplastic cell changes are characteristic of malignancy.

Question 3

biopsy

Answer 3

Procedure for obtaining a representative tissue sample for gross and/or microscopic examination. The speciman can be obtained surgically or by other means.

Question 4

brachytherapy

Answer 4

Placement of radioactive material inside of or close to a tumor. Radioactive elements are introduced through catheters inserted into the tumor.

Question 4

cancer

Answer 4

Broad term thatcdescribes any malignant tumor within a large class of diseases. More than 100 different forms of cancer are known, each with histologic variations. Cancerous tumors are divided into two broad groups: carcinoma and sarcoma.

Question 6

carcinoma

Answer 6

Malignant tumor of epithelial origin that affects glandular organs, viscera, and skin.

Question 7

sarcoma

Answer 7

Malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin that affects bones, muscles, and soft tissue.

Question 7

chemotherapy

Answer 7

Use of chemical or pharmacologic agents to treat diseases, such as cancer.

Question 9

contrast medium

Answer 9

Use of a substance in the creation of density on a radiographic imaging device; radiopaque contrast injected or instilled to outline an organ or a structure. A radiolucent substance, such as air, can help define a hollow space, such as a ventricle or the brain.

Question 9

cytoreductive surgery

Answer 9

Mechanical reduction in cell volume at the tumor site by sharp or blunt tissue dissection. Vessel- and nerve-sparing procedures include the use of an unltrasonic aspirator and hydrostatic pulsed lavage.

Question 11

immunotherapy

Answer 11

Use of agents that stimulate or activate the body’s own host defense immune system to combat disease.

Question 12

interventional radiology

Answer 12

Invasive procedures performed under radiologic control. Examples include balloon angioplasty, coronary artery stent replacement, and inferior vena cave filter placement.

Question 12

neoplasm

Answer 12

Atypical new growth of abnormal cells or tissues, which may be malignant or benign.

Question 14

nuclear medicine study

Answer 14

Diagnostic test performed using radioactive substances to image a body part or system.

Question 14

(-oma)

Answer 14

Suffix dnoting a tumor or neoplasm.

Question 16

palliation

Answer 16

Measurement taken to decrease the negative effects of a terminal or moribund condition. This is not considered a cure, but a temporary solution to a poblematic situation. Examples include removing an obstruction or attempts to preserve fertility in the face of cancer.

Question 17

pathologic examination

Answer 17

A series of tests and examinations conducted by a pathologist to determine the cause of changes in the structure or function of a body part or tissue.

Question 17

percutaneous

Answer 17

Directed through the skin and tissues of the external body surface. Diagnostics, treatments, or tissue removal can be performed by direct percutaneous routes.

Question 19

plethysmography

Answer 19

Procedure to determine variations in blood flow between parts.

Question 19

scintigraphy

Answer 19

Recording of the emissions of radiologic substances as they are collected or secreted by tissues and/or organs in the body.

Question 21

smear

Answer 21

A sample of tissue cells or fluid aspirated or scraped from a mucous membrane or a potentially pathologic site. The material is stained and studied for cellular components to make a diagnosis.

Question 22

stereotaxis

Answer 22

Computerized localization of a lesion.

Question 22

tomography

Answer 22

Computerized method of imaging a structure in layers

Question 24

tumor

Answer 24

Any neoplasm in which cells are permanently altered but have the capability of growth and reproduction. A tumor consists of two elements: the tumor cells themselves and a supporting framework of connective tissue and vascular supply.

Question 24

benign tumor

Answer 24

Aggregation of cells that closely resemble those of the parent tissue of origin. The tumor usually grows slowly by expansion, is localized, and is surrounded by a capsule of fibrous tissue.

Question 25

malignant tumor

Answer 25

Progressively growing tumor that originates from a specialized organ such as the lung, breat, or brain, or a tumor localized to a specific body system such as bone, skin, lymph nodes, or blood vessels.