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History > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Humphrey Davy?

A

A surgeon that discovered laughing gas

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1
Q

For what religious reasons did people oppose anaesthesia?

A

It was unnatural

Pain is God’s gift, don’t take it away

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2
Q

Who was William Henry Morton?

A

A dentist that dicovered ether

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2
Q

What is the name given to this period of surgery spanning from 1845 to 1918?

A

The balck period of surgery

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2
Q

Name 7 individuals that contributed to surgery

A
  1. Pasteur
  2. Simpson
  3. Lister
  4. Davy
  5. Morton
  6. Landsteiner
  7. Semmelweiss
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3
Q

Why was surgery still dangerous post anaesthetic?

A

Still no awareness of germs

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4
Q

Why was anaesthesia good?

A

Patients were no longer thrashing around, making it easier and safer to operate

There was less yelling from the patient, as they were not in pain

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5
Q

What set back the public views on Chloroform?

A

The death of Hannah Greener in 1848

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6
Q

Name the benefits and drawbacks of using laughing gas…

A

+Limits the feeling of pain

-Doesn’t knock the paient out fully

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7
Q

Who introduced the washing of hands before entering the maternity ward?

A

Semmelweis

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8
Q

In which 3 ways did surgeons try to deal with blood loss?

A
  1. Cauterising
  2. Attempted blood transfusions
  3. Tourniquets and Ligatures
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9
Q

For what medical reasons did people oppose anaesthetic?

A

It was untested

Doctors didn’t know the effects

Random dosage

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9
Q

What was added to blood that allowed it to be stored for longer?

A

Citrate glucose solution

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10
Q

What did Karl Landsteiner do?

A

Discovered blood types

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11
Q

Why did people oppose Lister’s ideas?

A

Inconsistent results

Lister gave no public demonstrations

Made operations more expensive

Lister constantly changed and revised his methods

Disbelieveing in germs

Lister criticized surgeons, causing offence

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12
Q

Which blood type can be used universally?

A

^ ^

O O

)—(

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13
Q

What were the drawbacks of Carbolic acid?

A

Caused an unpleasant working environment for surgeons

Obscured the surgeon’s view

Highly irritant to the skin, causing it to become papery, dry and itchy

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14
Q

Why was anaesthesia dangerous?

A

Surgeons carried infection deeper into the body

Greater bloodloss

Incorrect dosage could lead to death

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15
Q

Who discovered Chloroform?

A

James Simpson

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15
Q

Explain the difference between antiseptic surgery and aeseptic surgery…

A

Antiseptic:

Germs are removed from the surgical environment

Aeseptic:

Germs do not enter the surgical environment

16
Q

For what plain rediculous reasons did people oppose anaesthesia?

A

Women deserve pain during childbirth as punishment for not being a man

It was unmanly

Women could use ‘coarse language’ under the influence

Surgeons prided themselves on their speed, and anaesthesia would slow them down

16
Q

What were Joseph Lister’s beliefs?

A

Germs cause septic wounds

If germs could be killed by antiseptics, less people would die

17
Q

Who dicovered ether?

A

William Henry Morton

19
Q

Who discovered Carbolic acid as an antiseptic?

A

Joseph Lister

(An English surgeon)

20
Q

What were the 3 main problems for surgery in the 1800s?

A
  • Bloodloss
  • Pain
  • Infection
21
Q

Who was James Simpson?

A

A midwife that discovered Chloroform

23
Q

Who discovered germs?

A

Louis Pasteur

26
Q

When was germ theory published?

A

1864

27
Q

When was Chloroform discovered?

A

1847

28
Q

What was added to blood to stop it from congealing?

A

Sodium citrate

28
Q
A
29
Q

What 5 things happened as a result of anaesthesia?

A

Local anaesthetics were developed

Research lead to better anaesthetics

Research began into using chloroform more effectively

Safer dosages were developed

Fewer patients died of shock

31
Q

WAR. What is it good for?

A

Medicine

32
Q

When was ether discovered?

A

1846

34
Q

What was the most common type of operation in the 1800s?

A

Amputations

35
Q

What were Joseph Lister’s beliefs?

A

Women should have strong legs

36
Q

What were doctors told to wash their hand in before entering the maternity wards?

A

Chlorinated lime

37
Q

Name the benefits and drawbacks of Chloroform…

A

+Knocked out patients

-Large quantities could kill

38
Q

Who promoted the use of chloroform and how?

A

Queen Victoria, during the birth of her 8th child

39
Q

Who discovered Laughing gas and how?

A

Humphery Davy, whilst sniffing different concoctions in the search to find anaethetics

40
Q

Name the benefits and drawbacks of ether…

A

+Knocked patient out

  • Caused intense coughing
  • Patients vomited
  • Highly flammable
41
Q

Name 3 positive effects that war had on surgery

A

Introduction of the Triage system

Medical cards

Doctors and nurses had more oppourtunities to practice their skills

42
Q

What was the name of the contraption used to spray Carbolic acid?

A

Donkey engine

44
Q

When was laughing gas discovered?

A

1799

45
Q

What was Carbolic acid originally used for?

A

Cleaning sewage

46
Q

How did Lister try to kill germs?

A

Spraying everything with Carboloc acid

47
Q

Name 3 anaesthetics…

A
  • Nitrous oxide
  • Ether
  • Chloroform
48
Q

What were the benefits of Carbolic acid?

A

Lead to the invention of the rubber glove

Prevented infection, saving lives

49
Q

How was infection spread?

A

Carrying post mortems out on surgery tables

Dirty bandages

Dirty surgical instruments

History (3 decks)

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