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Avian, Exotics And Lab Animal > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

All domestic and miniature swine are?

A

Sus scrofa

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2
Q

How many chromosomes does Sus scrofa have?

A

38

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3
Q

What is the lifespan of a swine?

A

15-25 years

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4
Q

For meat production pigs what is the usual lifespan?

A
  • 6 months
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5
Q

Breeding stocks breed for how many years?

A

5 years

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6
Q

What is the order and family for swine?

A

Artiodactyla suidae

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7
Q

What is the gestation for a swine?

A

110-116 days

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8
Q

What is the estrous cycle of an adult swine?

A

18-24 days

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9
Q

What is the resting pulse for a pig?

A

60-90 for adults and 100-120 for immature

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10
Q

What is the breathing rate for a pig?

A

10-20 for adults and 24-36 for immature

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11
Q

What is the resting temperature?

A

100.4-102.2 for adults and102.2-104 for immature

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12
Q

True or False: Weight ranges tend vary depending on the breed and the stage of growth or development.

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: Piglets tend to not be pretty mobile shortly after birth

A

False: they are mobile

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14
Q

Newborns nurse hourly within the first few days of life and if needed piglets can be trained to

A

drink milk from a bowl within 48hrs

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15
Q

Piglets as we all know, are susceptible to the development of

A

microcytic and hypochromic anemia

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16
Q

Since piglets can develop anemia, what type of injection can they recieve?

A

IM injections of iron within the first 48h of birth
100-200mg Fe dextran

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17
Q

True or False: piglets dont require external heat

A

False

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18
Q

Since piglets don’t have brown fat they cant do what?

A

they don’t metabolize glycogen and lipid stores for thermal control

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19
Q

Another important thing to remember about young domestic swine is that the epiphyses of the long bones are not closed until

A

3.5 years of age

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20
Q

If a swine doesnt have access to water what can they develop?

A

Salt toxicosis

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21
Q

How many feedings can pigs thrive off of

A

1-2 feedings per day

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22
Q

Pigs are true; carnivores, herbivories or omnivores

A

they are true omnivores

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23
Q

To prevent salt toxicosis what should be provided to prevent water deprivation

A

Salt licks

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24
Q

What are two contents are important because the deficiencies can lead to cardiac and hepatic pathology?

A

Vitamin E and Selenium

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25
What is often needed for research purposes?
pre-surgical fasting
26
How long will it take to empty the stomach and small intestine in swine?
8-12hrs
27
How long will it take to empty the colon?
48-72 hours
28
During times of fasting, nutrition can be maintained by using
flavored oral electrolyte and glucose solutions.
29
Excessive salt intake can lead to
salt poisoning, salt toxicity, hypernatremia or water deprivation - sodium ion intoxication
30
Salt poisoning is unlikely to occur as long as
sodium-regulating mechanisms are intact and fresh drinking water is available.
31
In general, animals can tolerate high concentrations of salt or sodium in the diet
if they have continuous access to fresh water.
32
Salt poisioning is direct related to
water consumption
33
Although salt poisoning has historically been more common in
swine
34
The acute oral lethal dose of salt in swine, horses, and cattle is
2.2g/kg
35
after 1-5 days of limited water intake what will occur?
intermittent seizures occur with the pig sitting on its haunches, jerking its head backward and upward, and finally falling on its side in clonic-tonic seizures and opisthotonos.
36
What will occur in terminally ill pigs that have a lack of water?
may lie on their sides, paddling in a coma, and die within a few to 48 hr.
37
Individual shipments of swine are: Mixing animals from multiple vendors is:
preferred poor practice
38
Swine should be purchased from vendor herds that are
validated brucellosis-free and qualified pseudorabies-negative by the USDA
39
Breeding herd animals vaccinated against
erysipelas, leptospirosis, porcine parvovirus, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, and Escherichia coli.
40
Purebred registered herds
Have a known lineage, genetic uniformity, often closed colony, and generally have better management.
41
Commercial production swine
Readily available, cheap, better viability.
42
SPF herds
Some for experimental purposes, some for commercial production.
43
SPF miniature swine herds
Purpose-bred for research, advantage is small body size of adults (30-50 kg), disadvantage is cost
44
True or False: Similar physiology to humans Similar digestive tract and cardiovascular system to humans Close to the human in size, especially mini pigs
True
45
What are the similar disease progression for humans and pigs?
Metabolic (e.g., obesity and heart disease) Infectious diseases- numerous organisms can cause infections across species
46
How do you prevent or treat Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiency?
Injection of Vitamin E and/or selenium - prevention is possible through supplementation of feed or drinking water
47
Feeds high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, copper, vitamin A or mycotoxins
can either destroy vitamin E or make it less bioavailable. -Grains from soils deficient in selenium, or selenium antagonists in mixed feeds.
48
What is foot rot (bush foot)?
Infection of the claw which becomes swollen and extremely painful around the coronary band
49
What is the cause of infection for foot rot? Does this occur in all feets or just one?
. Fusiformis bacteria. Only occurs in one, most seen in the hind feet *outer dewclaws
50
Progression of infection leads to
enlarged hoof and inflammation of the joint (arthritis)
51
True or False: The condition is important because of the effect on reproductive performance of the breeding females
true
52
Foot Rot TX Oral Therapy Injection of Antibiotics
Zinc sulfate & Copper sulfate Zinc sulfate at the rate of 1/2 (0.5) gram per day for 21 days Penicillin and streptomycin combo
53
What is PSS?
Mutation in the calcium-release channel protein (ryanodine receptor [RYR]).
54
PSS has a mutation seen in what breeds?
Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Pietrain, and Poland China and other breeds, including miniature potbellied pigs.
55
What is the mode of inheritance for PSS?
is autosomal recessive with variable penetrance.
56
PPS clinical signs are associated with
exposure to halothane and succinylcholine
57
PSS progression leads to: Tx and Prevention Screening:
dyspnea, blanched and reddened areas on the skin, increased body temperature, and cyanosis. Dantrolene DNA-based test
58
Research Uses:
1.Cardio - atherosclerosis,myocardical infraction, CHD, CPR, grafts,stents and interventional devices 2.Gastro - obesity, hepatic metabolism,probiotics and gut physiology 3.Renal - Renal hypertension ,Transplantation and preservation, Kidney and ureter 4.Reproductive - Maternal-fetal interactions, Fetal surgery and microsurgical techniques, and OB/GYN surgical procedures 5.Diabetes research - Segmental pancreatic transplants, Pancreatectomy Models 6. Surgical: Increasingly, swine have been used in research and teaching studies involving surgical models.   Musculoskeletal system: Bone grafts and implants Temporomandibular joint studies Integument system: Plastic surgery Wound healing and skin flaps, grafts (i.e., burns) Cell and Organ transplantation Heart, Lung, Liver, Kidney Xenotransplantation Stroke AIDS dimentia Melanoma Osteoporosis Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
59
Sinclair S-1 (hormel) Maglignant Melanoma
derived from the Hormel random bred mini pig and has a 85% incidence at 1 year of age
60
For Sinclair S-1 (hormel) Maglignant Melanoma, the tumor can be single or on multiple areas of the skin:
Metastasize to internal organs. Malignant spontaneous regressing melanoma
61
Spontaneous regression of Sinclar S-1 has what type of effects
cytotoxic effects of infiltrated tumor-specific T lymphocytes is most common
62
There are several major concerns regarding the use of swine for xenotransplantation particularly zoonotic risks and ethical issues, what are they?
Acquired zoonoses Normal flora and environmental contaminants Viral latency, endogenous retroviruses
63
What is tolerogenic? how does is follow?
the transplant hierachy of tolerance liver>kidney>heart>lung>skin
64
What is the research use for interventional radiology?
PDA (Patent ductus arteriosus) ASD (Atrial septal defect) Occlusion Angioplasty Coronary artery catheterization Catheter oblation techniques Stent placement

Avian, Exotics And Lab Animal (4 decks)

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