Flashcards in Symptom and Pain control Deck (4)
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1
Q
What are the two main pathophysiological types of pain?
A
- neuropathic
- nociceptive
2
Q
Nociceptive pain is related to damaged tissue due to trauma or inflammation. How do the two types present differently?
A
- somatic (muscles, bone, skin) - continuous ache, tender to pressure, worse on movement, localised, dull pain
- visceral (internal organs) - cramping, deep pain, may be aching/dull, not usually related to movement and poorly localised
3
Q
Neuropathic pain is a result of damage to central or peripheral neurones. How does this present?
A
- brning, stabbing, “electric shock”, shooting
- intermittent
- not movement related
- may have allodynia, hyperalgesia*, and/or sensory deficit
*hyperalgesia = inc response to painful stimulus, allodynia = painful response to a normally innocuous stimulus
4
Q
What is meant by ‘total pain’?
A
- holistic experience that extends beyond physiological domain
- first introduced by Dame Cicely Saunders in 1960s
- to include physical symptoms, mental distress, social problems and emotional problems
- symptoms rarely occur in isolation; rather, they cluster w/ other symptoms and are influenced by psych, social and cultural characteristics of the individual