T2: Nervous System

Question 1

Two main divisions of NS

Answer 1

CNS

PNS

Question 2

Is grey and white matter on inside or of brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

Brain= grey outside
SC= grey inside

Question 3

2 parts of PNS

Answer 3

Sensory + motor

Question 4

how does the sensory and motor each split into two sub groups

Answer 4

somatic/ visceral

Question 5

the visceral motor division splits into what

Answer 5

sympathetic /para

Question 6

what are the 3 universal properties of neutrons

Answer 6

• excitable
  conduct
  secretion (neurotransmitter)

Question 7

what force does somatic motor and visceral motor produce each

Answer 7

somatic= somatic reflex + contraction 
visceral= visceral reflex

Question 8

how is RMpotential maintained and at what voltage

Answer 8

-70, movement of ions

Question 9

explain summation of postsynaptic changes to get over threshold

Answer 9

threshold reaching requires sum of all signals (net change)

Question 10

what forms myelin sheath in CNS and PNS

Answer 10

C= oligodendrocytes
P= schwann

Question 11

what does nodes of ranvioer and +concentrations of NA in gaps do

Answer 11

create areas of low and max resistance

Question 12

what does nerve signal speed depend on

Answer 12

diameter + myelin

Question 13

describe 3rd week neuron development

Answer 13

ectoderm thicken= neural plate + folds inward= neural groove

neuro fold fuse

Question 14

describe 3rd week neuron development

Answer 14

neuro folds completely fuse= neural tube (brain + spinal cord)

Question 15

what is the neural crest

Answer 15

=surrounds sides of neural tube

Question 16

3 primary vesicles of neural tube

Answer 16

Forebrain (prosencephalon)
midbrain (mesencephalon)
hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Question 17

secondary vesicles of the prosencephalon + brain structures

Answer 17

telencephalon = hemisphers
diencephalon= thalamus ect

Question 18

secondary vesicles of the mesencephalon + brain structures

Answer 18

stays midbrain

Question 19

secondary vesicles of the rhombencephalon + brain structures

Answer 19

metencephalon= pons, cerebellum 
myelencephalon= medulla oblongata

Question 20

midbrain functions

Answer 20

hearing, mission

Question 21

medulla function

Answer 21

vasomotor centres, cardiac

Question 22

diff. b/w post and pre central gyrus

Answer 22

post=sensory (anterior)

pre= motor (posterior)

Question 23

how many cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 23

12 cranial

31 spinal

Question 24

cranial nerve= name mnemonic

Answer 24

on on on they travelled and found voldemort guarding very ancient horcruxes

Question 25

cranial nerve names + function

Answer 25

``` olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal - face adbuctent- eye facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus- visceral organs accessory= shoulder hypoglossal= tongue ```

Question 26

sensory motor both mnemonic for cranial nerves

Answer 26

some say marry money but my brother says big breasts matter more

Question 27

3 ways to protect CNS

Answer 27

bones meninges ventricular system

Question 28

3 meninges layers

Answer 28

dura matter, arachnoid matter, pia

Question 29

what produces CSF

Answer 29

granulations in subarachnoid

Question 30

functions of CSF

Answer 30

buoyancy protection chemical stability

Question 31

pathway for ventricular system

Answer 31

CSF secreted > lateral ventricle > (intraventricular formina) > 3rd ventricle > (cerebral aqueduct) > 4th ventricle > 2 lat apartures/1 median aperture > subarachnoid space > venous blood jugular vein

Question 32

when is additional CSF aded to pathway

Answer 32

3 4 vent= choroid plexus

Question 33

ratio of white and grey matter as move down cord

Answer 33

higher up = more white (more tracts)

Question 34

sections of white matter in cord

Answer 34

dorsal (sensory) lateral ventral (motor)

Question 35

how many neutrons in descending tract

Answer 35

2= upper | lower

Question 36

3 levels of control skeletal muscle can be stimulated

Answer 36

``` spinal level (reflex) brainstem level (automated) cerebral (voluntary) ```

Question 37

what is the name for the descending tract

Answer 37

lateral + anterior corticospinal (motor)= limbs

Question 38

where does decussion occurs for descending tracts

Answer 38

medulla

Question 39

2 levels of fine control

Answer 39

1. basal nucei= onset + cessation of movement | 2. cerebellum

Question 40

what is flexor reflex

Answer 40

ipsilateral reflex arc (input output same side

Question 41

what is crossed extension reflex

Answer 41

contraletal reflex (input out different sides

Question 42

wha tis intersegmental reflex

Answer 42

input out put different levels of spine

Question 43

pathway of simple reflex

Answer 43

extensor > spindle > primary afferent nerve 1. alpha motor > extensor (ipsilateral arc) 2. inhibitory interneuron > alpha motor > flexor (contralateral arc)

Question 44

fine and course discrimination

Answer 44

fine= 2 points closer

Question 45

prefixes and suffix for descending and ascending tracts

Answer 45

``` ascend = spino- descend= -spinal ```

Question 46

origin of stimulus receptors

Answer 46

``` exteroceptors= external interoceptors= internal proprioceptors= position of body ```

Question 47

nitesntity of sensation affected by

Answer 47

stimulus intesnity number of fibres sensitivity of fibres

Question 48

how any neutrons in ascending pathway

Answer 48

3 | 1st 2nd 3rd order