Temp Lobe Org and Function Flashcards
What are the two components of the lateral surface of the temporal regions?
1) Auditory areas (Superior temporal gyrus (Broadmann’s areas 41, 42, 22))
2) Ventral stream of visual information (Middle and inferior temporal gyri (areas 20, 21, 37, 38))
What are the subcortical temporal lobe structures?
Limbic cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampal formation
What is/ what is the purpose of the insula?
Area under Sylvian fissure
Contains the gustatory cortex and auditory association cortex
What is/ what is the purpose of the temporal-parietal junction (TPJ)?
Cortical region lying along the boundary of temporal and parietal lobes
Central to decision-making in a social context
There are five distinct cortical-cortical connections. What is the purpose of the Hierarchical Sensory Pathway?
Stimulus Recognition
There are five distinct cortical-cortical connections. What is the purpose of the Dorsal Auditory Pathway?
Directing movements with response to auditory information
There are five distinct cortical-cortical connections. What is the purpose of the Polymodal Pathway?
Stimulus categorization
There are five distinct cortical-cortical connections. What is the purpose of the Medial Temporal Projection?
Crucial to long-term memory
There are five distinct cortical-cortical connections. What is the purpose of the Frontal Lobe Projection?
Movement control, short-term memory, affect
The original model of the ventral stream portrayed it as a hierarchical pathway from the occipital cortex to the temporal lobe. What does the modified model suggest?
At least 6 cortical and subcortical pathways comprise the stream
What are the three basic sensory functions of the temporal lobe?
1) Processing auditory input
2) Visual object recognition
3) Long-term storage of sensory input- memory
Which temporal lobe (left or right) has a more important role in facial processing?
Right temporal lobe
Which temporal lobe (left or right) plays a major role in temporal grouping for rhythm?
Left temporal lobe
Which temporal lobe (left or right) plays a major role in extracting pitch from sound?
Right temporal lobe
With regard to the asymmetry of temporal lobe function, what are some primary functions of the LEFT temporal lobe?
Verbal memory
Speech/word processing
With regard to the asymmetry of temporal lobe function, what are some primary functions of the RIGHT temporal lobe?
Nonverbal memory
Musical/ prosody processing
Facial processing
Grammar processing
Verbal hallucinations activate the _____ ______ cortex, _____’s area, and the ______ ______ in the ______ temporal cortex
Verbal hallucinations activate the primary auditory cortex, Broca’s area, and the speech zone in the posterior temporal cortex
What is cortical deafness?
Bilateral damage to the auditory cortex
Absence of neural activity in the auditory regions
What is/ are some characteristics of “temporal lobe personality”?
Associated with right temporal lobectomy
overemphasizes trivial and petty aspects of life
pedantic speech
egocentricity
perseveration in discussing personal problems
paranoia
preoccupation with religion
proneness to aggression
Anterograde Amnesia versus Retrograde Amnesia
Anterograde: inability to acquire new memories
Retrograde: inability to access old memories
Explicit memory
Events, facts, and episodic (autobiographical) memories
Conscious intentional remembering
“Top-down” processing
What is the unique anatomical component associated with emotional memory?
The amgydala. Damage to it disrupts emotional memory, but not implicit or explicit memory
Implicit memory
Unconscious memory
Includes procedural memory and emotional conditioning
Damage from Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in the _________ can lead to ________ amnesia. Damage from Herpes Simplex Encephalitis to the _________ can lead to ________ amnesia.
medial temporal lobe –> anterograde
insula –> retrograde
