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SCIENCE 2018 > Term 2 > Flashcards

Term 2 Flashcards

Science

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Organs work together to maintain a stable internal environment

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2
Q

How much parts is in the small intestine and name them?

A

4 duodenum jejunum chyle iluem.

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3
Q

How many parts is in the large intestine and name them?

A

5 cecum.,ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon.

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4
Q

Name the 4 types of enzymes.

A

Amylase, pepsin, trypsin, lipase.

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5
Q

Name the 4 parts of the digestive system.

A

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach small intestine, large intestine.

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6
Q

How many kidneys do we have?

A

We have 2 bladders.

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7
Q

How many types enzymes do we have in our body?

A

We have 4 enzymes in the body

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8
Q

Name the enzymes

A

Amalyse, trypsin, lipase and pepsin.

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9
Q

What does amalyse do?

A

It breaks sugar down into simple sugars.

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10
Q

What does lipase break down?

A

It breaks fats into fatty acids.

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11
Q

What does trypsin do?

A

It breaks proteins down into amino acids.

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12
Q

What does pepsin do?

A

It breaks proteins down into amino acids.

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13
Q

What protects the stomach from the toxins inside the stomach.

A

We call it mucus.

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14
Q

Name the three parts of the brain.

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla.

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15
Q

What is a reflex?

A

A reflex is where the body moves without the brain knows about it.

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16
Q

Who got the idea of the periodic table?

A

Dmitri mandeleev.

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17
Q

What is a neutron?

A

It carries no gas and is neutral.

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18
Q

What is a proton?

A

Carry a positive charge.

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19
Q

What is a electron?

A

Carry a nagative charge

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20
Q

what is the function of the spinal cord?

A

it controls your reflex movement.

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21
Q

what protects the spinal cord?

A

your vertebrae.

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22
Q

what connects the brain to your spinal cord?

A

your nerves.

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23
Q

name two different types of nerves?

A

sensory nerves and motor nerves.

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24
Q

what does nerves do?

A

Pass information and nerve impulses from one part of the body to another

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25
Q

what is a reflex?

A

it is where the body takes action before the brain knows it

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26
Q

name 3 different states of matter.

A

solid,liquid and gas.

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27
Q

how does a liquid change into a gas?

A

it heats up and evapourates.

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28
Q

how does a liquid change into a solid?

A

by cooling and freezing.

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29
Q

how is mass measured?

A

with a scale.

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30
Q

what is volume?

A

it is the size of a space.

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31
Q

what is a shape?

A

it is the form or figure of a substance

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32
Q

what is a summer solstice?

A

it is the longest day and the shortest night

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33
Q

what is a winter solstice?

A

the longest night and the shortest day

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34
Q

what is a equinox?

A

where both day and night is the same length

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35
Q

when does the summer solstice occur in the soutern hemisphere?

A

21 to 22 december.

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36
Q

when does the winter solstice occur in the southern hemisphere?

A

21 or 22 june.

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37
Q

when does the spring equinox occur in the southern hemisphere?

A

22 to 21 september.

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38
Q

what is a revolution?

A

it is when the earth has moved once around the sun.

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39
Q

what is a rotation?

A

where the earth has moved once around its axis from west to east.

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40
Q

what do we call a nucleas with a full orbit.

A

a nobel gas

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41
Q

What is digestion

A

Food is broken down into smaller substances for easier absorbtion and use for ENERGY, TO GROW AND TO REPAIR.
Blood afsorbs these substances and carries them to the cells in the body

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42
Q

Name the 6 nutrients found in food

A 
simple sugars
proteins
iron
calsium
natural organic substances
fatty acids
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43
Q

Give a function for each of the compounds (nutrients) in food

a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins
c) Vitamin A
d) Vitamin C
e) Calcium
f) Iron

A

a) Provides energy for the body to think
b) building blocks for cells
c) Keep skin healthy
d) Heals wounds
e) hardens teeth and bones
f) Form hemoglobin in red blood cells

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44
Q

What are the building blocks of each of the following nutrients in food called

a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates

A

a) Amino acids

b) simple sugars

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45
Q

What is an enzyme

A

Enzymes are catalysts in biochemical reactions

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46
Q

Give the name of the enzyme present in the saliva

A

Amylaze

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47
Q

What is the function of the enzyme - Amylase

A

Breaks down starch into simple sugars

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48
Q

Name the enzyme responsible for the digestion of each of the following food substances

a) fat
b) protein
c) carbohydrates

A

a) Lipase
b) pepsin, trypsin
c) amylase

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49
Q

What is the oesophagus

A

It is the long tube between the mouth and the stomach

It uses rythmic muscle movements to force food from the throat into the stomach

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50
Q

What is the contraction that moves food down the oesophagus called

A

Peristalsis

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51
Q

What is responsible for the digestion of food in the stomach

A

Pepsin and hydrochloric acids

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52
Q

How is the stomach adapted to prevent it from being digested by acid

A

Mucus protect the lining of your stomach

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53
Q

Give the name of the enzyme responsible for digesting proteins in the stomach

A

pepsin

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54
Q

What is the mixture of acid, food and enzymes in the stomach called

A

chyme

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55
Q

Where does the final digestions of food take place

A

Jejunum in the small intestine

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56
Q

Describe the digestion process that takes place in the small intestine

A

Trypsine breaks down proteins and the lipids brakes down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

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57
Q

Where does the absorbtion of nutrients take place

A

Ileum

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58
Q

How is the Ileum adapted for absorption

A

It is covered in tiny vessels in the red blood cells

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59
Q

What is the function of the colon

A

It is the body’s waste disposal unit

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60
Q

Which organ carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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61
Q

Where is urine stored before it is removed from the body

A

bladder

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62
Q

What is the function of the kidneys

A

Filter blood to produce urine

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63
Q

What is the function of the urethra

A

Carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

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64
Q

What is the difference between URINE and UREA

A

URINE consist of UREA,URIC Acid, excess water, salt. It is a waste product of kidneys and stored in bladder
UREA is metabolic waste product which is formed when proteins are broken down by the liver

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65
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: - Humans cannot survive with only one kidney

A

FALSE

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66
Q

Name the solid structures that are formed in the kidney and when they enter the ureters are very painfull

A

Kidney stones

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67
Q

Name molecules of food that are too small to be seen; they are absorbed by the body

A

Nutrients

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68
Q

Name opening from which solid wastes leave the body

A

Anus

69
Q

Name small bag in which urine is held until it is released from the body

A

bladder

70
Q

Name organs that clean liquid wastes from the blood

A

kidneys

71
Q

What is responsible for most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients

A

small intestine

72
Q

What stores food; breaks down food into chyme; releases chyme into small intestine

A

stomach

73
Q

Name the movement of food through the intestines

A

Peristalsis

74
Q

Name the organ that makes bile, largest organ in body, helps with digestion

A

liver

75
Q

Name the process of chewing to break down food down into smaller pieces

A

mechanical digestion

76
Q

Where is biles stored

A

gallbladder

77
Q

Name the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

A

oesophagus

78
Q

Name the use of digestive enzymes to break down food

A

chemical digestion

79
Q

Where does the digestive system begins

A

mouth

80
Q

The place where water is removed before eliminating waste

A

large intestine

81
Q

It absorbs nutrients and distributes them into blood vessels

A

small intestine

82
Q

It absorbs vitamins etc.; releases biles; makes clotting for scratches

A

Liver

83
Q

What moves food down to our stomach

A

Oesophagus

84
Q

Name the 3 parts which the nervous systems consist of

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves

85
Q

Which part of the human body is responsible for the protection of the brain

A

skull

86
Q

Give the funtion of the motor nerves

A

Send messages from brain to nerves

87
Q

Give the function of the sensory nerves

A

Sent messages back to brain

88
Q

What is the symbol for hydrogen

A

H

89
Q

symbol for helium

A

He

90
Q

What is the symbol for hydrogen/metal or non-metal

A

H - Non metal

91
Q

symbol for helium/metal or non-metal

A

He - Non metal

92
Q

symbol for lithium/metal or non-metal

A

Li - Metal

93
Q

symbol for Beryllium/metal or non-metal

A

Be- Metal

94
Q

symbol for boron/metal or non-metal

A

B - metalloid

95
Q

symbol for carbon/metal or non-metal

A

C - Non metal

96
Q

symbol for nitrogen/metal or non-metal

A

N- Non metal

97
Q

symbol for oxygen/metal or non-metal

A

O- Non metal

98
Q

symbol for fluorine/metal or non-metal

A

F- Non metal

99
Q

symbol for neon/metal or non-metal

A

Ne- Non metal

100
Q

symbol for sodium/metal or non-metal

A

Na- Metal

101
Q

symbol for magnesium/metal or non-metal

A

Mg- Metal

102
Q

symbol for aluminium/metal or non-metal

A

Al- Metal

103
Q

symbol for silicon/metal or non-metal

A

Si

104
Q

symbol for phosphoros/metal or non-metal

A

P

105
Q

symbol for sulfur/metal or non-metal

A

S

106
Q

symbol for chlorine/metal or non-metal

A

CI- Non metal

107
Q

symbol for argon/metal or non-metal

A

Ar

108
Q

symbol for pottasium/metal or non-metal

A

K

109
Q

symbol for calsium/metal or non-metal

A

Ca- Metal

110
Q

symbol for iron/metal or non-metal

A

Fe- Metal

111
Q

Symbol for copper/metal or non-metal

A

Cu- Metal

112
Q

symbol for Zinc/metal or non-metal

A

Zn- Metal

113
Q

meaning of mixture

A

something that can be separated into two or more different substances eg. sea water, air, earth,orange juice

114
Q

meaning of filtrate

A

the clear liquid that has been filtered

115
Q

meaning of filtration

A

the process used to separate a solid from a liquid

116
Q

meaning of soluble

A

can dissolve

117
Q

meaning of insoluble

A

cannot dissolve

118
Q

meaning of solvent

A

the liquid that is used to make a solution

119
Q

meaning of solute

A

a substance that has been disolved in a solution

120
Q

name to types of mixtures

A

homogeneous mixture

heterogeneous mixture

121
Q

What describe how substance react or change their chemical identity to form other substances

A

Chemical properties

122
Q

What do you call the table to arrange chemical elements

A

periodic table

123
Q

Who stated the periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

124
Q

From which country is Dmitri Mendeleev

A

Russia

125
Q

In which profession were Dmitri Mendeleev

A

Chemist

126
Q

Atoms are made up of subatomic particles; name them

A

Neotrons
Protons
Electrons

127
Q

Describe Neotrons

A

Carry no charge because they are neutral

128
Q

describe protons

A

carry a possitive charge

129
Q

describe electrons

A

carry a negative charge

130
Q

What is a substance composed of only one type of atom called

A

element

131
Q

What is all matter made up of

A

atoms

132
Q

Is a atom the smallest of largest unit of matter

A

smallest

133
Q

Who stated that the building block of all matter is the atom

A

John Dalton

134
Q

What is the composition of the blue planet

A

Molten metal core; rocky outer crust

135
Q

What is the compositon of the red planet

A

Possible molten metal core, rocky outer crust

136
Q

what is the red and blue planet

A

red is Mars and blue is Earth

137
Q

What is the length of year on earth

A

365.25 days = 1 year

138
Q

What is the length of year on red planet

A

687 Earth days - +- 2 years

139
Q

What is the length of day of blue planet

A

24 hours

140
Q

What is the length of day on red planet

A

24 hours, 37 minutes

141
Q

Is there water or ice on the red planet

A

No liquid water at the surface.
Mars is an extremely dry world but does have water in the form of polar caps, ice clouds and ice fog. Large amount of frozen water lie just beneath the surface near the poles and perhaps else where

142
Q

Describe the water on earth

A

Abundant water; 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by liquid water. Ice caps of frozen water exist at the poles. Also clouds, fog and water vapour in atmosphere

143
Q

What is the difference in the atmoshpere between red and blue planet

A

red planet: 95% carbon dioxide. Mars has very little oxygen and a very thin atmoshere, so humans would needs spacesuits to breathe there.
blue planet: Mostly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%)
Some water vapour and other trace gases

144
Q

Matter can exist in more that one state; name them

A

Ice -a solid
water - a liquid
steam - a gas

145
Q

Name the properties of
a solid
a liquid
a gas

A

solids - definite mass and volume and shape
molecules closest together in the solid state
molecules have greatest attractive forces
Liquids - an indefinite shape but a definite volume
Molecules in the liquid state are fre flowing and further apart
molecules have smalle attractive forces
Gas - Both indefinite shape and volume
Molecules are further apart
Molecules have smallest attractive forces between them

146
Q

What is matter

A

Anything which occupies space and has mass

It can be a single chemical substance or a complex mixture of substances

147
Q

How is mass measured

A

With a scale in units of mg. ; gram; kilograms or tons

148
Q

What is the size of the space which an object or substance occupies called

A

Volume

149
Q

What is the form or figure of the substance called

A

Shape

150
Q

Name the 5 cerebral lobes of the brain and their functions

A 
Frontal lobe - emotions
Parietal lobe - senses
Temporal lobe - hearing
Occipital lobe -  vision
Insular - memory
151
Q

What does the nervous system controls

A

all the body parts, systems, organs and cells

152
Q

The kidneys also balance the volume of fluids and minerals in the body. This balance in the body is called?

A

homeostasis

153
Q

What is the urinary system also called

A

kidneys

154
Q

The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores and eliminates urine. In humans it includes?

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
the bladder
the urethra

155
Q

How many layers of skin does a human have and name them

A

2
epidermis - outer protective layer without blood vessels
dermis - inner layer containing blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, sweat and oil glands, hair and fat cells

156
Q

Name the function of the skin

A 
Excretion
waterproofing
protection from diseases
protection from Ultraviolet rays
regulations of body temperature
sensory detection
157
Q

What does excretion means

A

It is the removal of the metabolic wastes of an organism

158
Q

Name the wastes that is removed from the body

A

carbon dioxide, water, salt, urea, and uric acid

159
Q

All excreted wastes travel at some time in the ……

A

blood

160
Q

Name the organs of the excretory system and their function

A

Lungs - removal of excess carbon dioxide
Liver - produces urea and uric acid as a by-product of the breakdown of proteins
Skin - removal of excess water, salt, urea and uric acid
Urinary system - kidneys filter the blood to form urine, which is excess water, salt, urea and uric acid

161
Q

Name the parts of the Large intestine

A

Liver

Pancreas

162
Q

Name 3 enzymes produced by pancreas

A

Amylase - breaks down starch into simple sugars
Lipase - breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol
Trypsin - breaks down protein into amino acids

163
Q

What is the function of the pancreas

A

it is a enzyme producing gland with help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the small intestine

164
Q

What is bile

A

a digestive chemical produced in the liver
stored in the gall bladder and secreted into the small intestine
Bile flows from the gall bladder down the bile duct into the duodenum where breaks down fats into small dorplets

165
Q

What is the funtion of the liver

A

It filters toxins from the blood and produces bile and some blood proteins

166
Q

Where do you find the liver

A

its a large organ above and in front of the stomach

167
Q

What is the function of Chyle

A

It is from this liquid that absorption of nutrients takes place

168
Q

What is the function of the Ileum

A

The ileum is covered in tiny vessels and the nutrients pass from the ileum into the blood stream
The blood first to the liver so that it can remove any toxic substances

169
Q

Where do you find the Jejunum

A

it is the long coiled midsection of the small intestine between the deudenum and the ileum

SCIENCE 2018 (2 decks)

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