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Science > Term 2 Biology > Flashcards

Term 2 Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the protein that acts as biological catalyst and speeds up chemical reactions

A

Enzyme

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2
Q

What do you call the process of breaking down food to make nutrient molecules available to the body

A

Digestion’s

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3
Q

What nutrient molecule is the main source of energy ?

A

Carbohydrate

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4
Q

What nutrient molecule is used for growth and repair ?

A

Protein

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5
Q

What nutrient molecule other than carbohydrate is used for energy?

A

Lipid (fat)

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6
Q

In What form does excess or extra energy stored in the body ?

A

Lipid (in fat cells)

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7
Q

What material in food is not digested and keeps bowels functioning properly?

A

Fibre

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8
Q

Define digestion

A

The breaking down of good to make nutrient molecules available to the body

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9
Q

Define enzyme

A

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst and speeds up chemical reactions

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10
Q

Define carbohydrate

A

A nutrient molecule that is the main source of energy

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11
Q

What is fibre

A

A material that is not digested and keeps the bowels functioning properly

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12
Q

What is protein

A

A nutrient molecule used for growth and repair

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13
Q

What are all foods made up of ?

A

Biological molecules

Just different amounts depending on the type of food

More carbohydrate molecules in bread
More protein molecules in chicken

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14
Q

Name the three types of biological molecules in our food?

A

Carbohydrate
Protein
Lipids

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15
Q

What are the THREE elements in carbohydrates ?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

CHO

May be simple glucose of sugars - or complex like starch

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16
Q

What process happens when we digest complex carbohydrates ?

A

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy

When they are digested the break down into sugars which our bodies used for RESPIRATION

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17
Q

What helps to break down carbohydrates into energy /sugars ?

A

Enzymes

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18
Q

What are proteins made up of ?

A

Amino acids

These aminos acids break down protein to new types of new proteins in our modules

Eg muscle protein

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19
Q

What five elements are in protein?

A 
Like carbohydrates, proteins have
carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen 
Nitrogen 
Supper

CHONS

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20
Q

Examples of carbohydrate

A 
Bread
Potatoes
Pasta
Rice
Corn
Fruit
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21
Q

Examples of food high in protein

A 
Eggs
Meat
Fish
Nuts
Cheese
Avocado
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22
Q

Name some parts of our body made of protein

A 
Muscles
Bones 
Organs
Skin 
Nails

Apart from water and fats the rest of our body is made of protein

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23
Q

How many amino acids are there ?

A

There are 20 amino acids that make up all proteins

Two types - 9 essential amino acids and 11 non essential amino acids

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24
Q

Why do more active people need more protein?

A

To rebuild their muscles after exercise

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25
Do we need supplements a like protein powders to building good muscles?
No you can get enough protein for your muscles from having a balanced diet
26
What is a lipid
Biological name for fats and oils
27
What is the main difference between fats and oils ?
Fats are solid at room temperature 20 degrees while oils are liquids
28
What foods are high in lipids?
``` Nuts Olive oil Oily fish like salmon and tuna Cheese Avocado ```
29
Name 3 good healthy fats
Eggs Raw nuts Avocados Remember Heathy fats and oils come form natural unprocessed food which is still in its original state
30
Three examples of bad fats
French fries Cookies and cakes Margarine Donuts Processed meat like salami
31
What do we need vitamins and minerals for ?
Helping our bodies to function properly
32
Why is Vitamin A important
Healthy eye sight including night visions Growth Flighting infections
33
Name 4 foods high in vitiamin A
Dairy products Leafy green vegetables Carrots Kumara (orange vegetables)
34
Name some illnesses from not enough vitamin A ?
Blindness for young children Skin infections Increase of other infections including stomach upsets
35
What is vitamin C important for ?
Growth Helps Absorb other minerals Fighting infections
36
Name some foods with high vitamin C
Most fruit and veges have some Vit C Kiwi fruit capsicum and citrus fruit have high amounts
37
What is vitamin D important for ?
Bone health as it helps Aniston calcium
38
Name some foods high in Vit D ?
Eggs Oily fish Dairy products
39
How does our body make its ownVit D ?
From sunlight through our skin
40
What diseass do you get from no Vit D?
Ricketts - weak brittle bones Tiredness Low energy or mood More frequent Illnesses
41
What percentage of our body is water and why is it important ?
50-60 percent Most of the CYTOPLASM in our bodies cells is made of water and our blood is mostly water. Water helps to transport materials around our body
42
What fluids in our body are mostly water?
Blood Saliva Urine Brain fluid
43
Does our body digest all of the fibre we eat ?
No it is not easily digested but helps your digestive system to work properly Stops you becoming constipated - keeps bowel movements regular
44
Names some high fibre foods
Whole grain pasta Nuts Vegetables especially raw Brown rice Brown bread
45
The more natural and unprocessed a food is the ….
Healthier it is White foods have had the goodness processed out of them Brown whole cereal like oats is better for you tha processed cereal like nutrigrain!
46
Why are potatoes with skins on and fruit with skins on healthier for you?
Because a lot of the fibre and the vitamins and minerals are in the skins is fruit and vegetables
47
How many calories do teenage boys age 14-18 need per day
2200 to 3200 If very active and lots sports then 3500 to 4000 calories per day
48
Why is protein important to teenagers ?
Helps to develop to amount of muscles mass you have Double the need for protein between 10 and 17
49
Best sources of lean protein
``` Lean meat Fish Cheese Eggs Lentils Beans liked baked beans Nuts and seeds ```
50
What so simple white carbohydrates make you hungry?
They break down into sugars quickly Complex carbohydrates like whole grains and brown rice provide better nutrition and keep you feeling full for longer
51
If you eat too many bad fats like butter and fried food and cakes what can happen compared to eating good fats like olive oil nuts and avocado?
White sugary carbohydrates can lead to obesity
52
Name two other nutrients that are very important for teenagers ?
IRON to grown and grow muscle mass Need 8 milligrams per day Fortified cereal red meat leafy greens CALCIUM For your bones teeth and nails Need 1300 milligrams per day Milk yoghurt cottagecheese
53
What is the food pyramid
At the top - fats and oils Middle - protein Bottom and biggest - carbohydrate
54
Why is the food pyramid not as well respected as it used to be ?
When replaced with MyPlate - to show a better balanced diet Balanced diet is more important and too many bad carbohydrates can be bad
55
What is another name for the digestive system?
The alimentary canal
56
What is the process calls when your circular muscles push your food down the osephagus
Peristalsis
57
What is made in your liver ?
Makes BILE To help your digestive system to break down and absorb lipids
58
What is another name for enzymes
Bilogical catalysts They speed up chemical reactions without being used up in the reaction They are like a LOCK AND KEY
59
What do we mean by enzyme being a lock and key
Each enzyme has a particular shape and only works with one type of bilocgial molecule The enzyme that breaks down fats or lipids (bile) won’t work to break down carbohydrates orproteins
60
What name is given to the part of the enzyme that joins to a molecule
The Active site
61
What are the top 3 enzymes in the digestive system
Amylase - breaks Down carbohydrates into sugars Protease - breaks down proteins into amino acids Lipase - breaks down lipids (fats and oils) into glycerol as fatty acids
62
What do you use for a positive test for starch?
Iodine solution dropped into a starch solution
63
What do you add to glucose solution to identify reducing sugars ?
Benedict’s solution

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