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11 Biology (genetics) > terminology > Flashcards

Flashcards in terminology Deck (22)
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1
Q

composed of a specific sequence of nucleotides (bases) that codes for a specific amino acid sequence
a specific protein that will perform a specific function

A

gene

2
Q

crossing over as a result of synapsis
point of crossover
where two chromosomes cross non-sister chromatids during prophase 1

A

chiasma/ta

3
Q

the genetic makeup of a trait (which 2 alleles are present?)

A

genotype

4
Q

the observable trait or characteristic

A

phenotype

5
Q

an alternate form of a gene located at a particular place on a chromosome (ex. brown eyes, green eyes)

A

alleles

6
Q

2 identical alleles are present (ex. BB, tt) = purebreed

A

homozygous

7
Q

2 different alleles are present (ex. Bb, Tt) = hybrid

A

heterozygous

8
Q

pairing up of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1

occurs in meiosis but not mitosis due to homologous chromosomes

A

synapsis

9
Q

occurs in reproductive organs
creates gametes with haploid number of chromosomes (n)
one of each homologous pairs are present
special cell division in order to produce gametes with 1/2 the number of chromosomes

A

meiosis

10
Q

genes on the same location on two homologous chromosomes

A

locus

11
Q

sex cell-producing organs

A

gonads (ovaries, testes)

12
Q

sex cells (haploid cells)

A

gametes (spermatozoon, ovum)

13
Q

1/2 the number of chromosomes (n)

A

haploid

14
Q

full number of chromosomes (2n)

A

diploid

15
Q

“similar”
chromosomes occur in pairs- each pair is similar in form and arrangement of genetic material (but not necessarily identical content)
contain same genes at different locations but the alleles can differ, therefore cells have 2 copies of each gene

A

homologous (chromosomes)

16
Q

two types of alleles

A

dominant and recessive

17
Q

trait that is fully expressed (visible)

A

dominant

18
Q

trait that is usually masked (hidden)

only expressed in a homozygous form

A

recessive

19
Q

2 homologous chromosomes together

A

bivalent

20
Q

pairing up of chromosomes during prophase 1- the 4 chromatids formed

A

tetrad

21
Q

union of 2 gametes

results in 2n (n+n)

A

fertilization

22
Q

result of the union of 2 gametes

fertilized egg

A

zygote