TEST 1 Flashcards
1
Q
who said that 1/3 of the world is infected with 1 common parasite
A
stoll
2
Q
what parasite did Stoll believe that 1/3 of the world is infected with
A
ascaris lumbricoides
3
Q
what did Stoll believe about some towns in Africa
A
that they have 100% malaria
4
Q
aka schistosoma mansoni
A
blood flukes
5
Q
can blood flukes and hook worms kill people
A
yes
6
Q
aka necates americanus
A
hook worm
7
Q
where do you find hook worms
A
inside intestines
8
Q
where do hook worms get their nutrients
A
blood
9
Q
aka taenia saginata
A
beef tapeworm
10
Q
aka taenia solium
A
pork tapeworm
11
Q
how long are beef and pork tapeworms
A
4 to 10 m
12
Q
what kind of association is between 2 organisms; 1 organism survive on the other organism
A
symbiotic association
13
Q
what kind of symbiotic association is 1 organism carry the other organism to another place
A
phoresis
14
Q
what kind of symbiotic association is 1 benefits without harming the other
A
commesalism
15
Q
what kind of symbiotic association is both organisms benefit from each other, if 1 is removed, the other would not survive because they need each other
A
mutualism
16
Q
what kind of symbiotic association is 1 benefit, harms the other
A
parasitism
17
Q
what kind of symbiotic association is microorganism which does not ordinarily cause problem but becomes pathogenic under certain conditions
A
opportunism
18
Q
def? Organism stays inside the body of the human until it matures (has genital system); 1 host is involved in maturation
A
Permanent Association (Obligate Association)
19
Q
def? 2 organisms are involved;
A
Temporary Association (Facultative Association)
20
Q
def? looks like a parasite but its not “junk” ; to see if parasite or not, must look at their exact morphology
A
Pseudoparasite
21
Q
what kind of animals are protozoa
A
single celled
22
Q
what are the 4 classes of protozoa
A
sarcodina
mastigophora
ciliophora
sporozoa
23
Q
aka platyhelminthes
A
flatworms
24
Q
what are the 2 classes of platyhelminthes
A
trematoda
Cestoda
25
aka trematoda
flukes
26
aka Cestoda
roundworm
27
are trematodes mono or diecious
mono
28
what are the regions of the Cestoda
head
neck
trunk
29
aka aschelminthes
roundworm
30
what class is part of aschelminthes
nematoda
31
are aschelminthes mono or dioecious
dioecious
32
in phylum aschelminthes who are bigger males or females
females
33
aka acanthocephala
thorny headed worm
34
describe the body of phylum acanthocephala
anterior is muscular with lots of hooks, can contract and relax
35
how do you get phylum acanthocephala
eating Beatles
36
is phylum acanthocephala mono or dioecious
dioecious
37
aka arthropoda
mosquitos
mites
ticks
fleas
38
what are the body regions of phylum arthropoda
head
thorax
abdomen
39
```
what phylum do these 5 classes make up: crustacea
arachnida
pentastomida
insecta
Chilopoda
```
phylum arthropoda
40
do most parasites produce antigen or antibodies
antibody
41
any foreign material you can see in humans and animals
antigens
42
part of the body of the parasite is Antigen
somatic antigens
43
secretion / excretion of antigen from the organism
metabolic antigen
44
host? maturity (formation of genital system) of the organism happens on this host -- Adult
finial host
45
what are beef tapeworms finial host
man
46
host? different stages of development happens on this host
intermediate host
47
what is the intermediate host of beef tapeworms
cow
48
host? transfers 1 organism to another place
transfer host
49
does the transfer host get harmed when it is used
no
50
host? organism that transfers other organism and causes problem to the host
vector host
51
what does wuchereria bancrofti cause in humans
elephantiasis
52
enlargement of parts of the body, usually lower half (legs, testes, genital system m/f)
elephantiasis
53
host? carry organism to 1 palce to the other
carrier host
54
host? some parasite that only causes problem in humans, not other animals
reservoir host
55
reservoir host? from wild animal that transfers to human being
sylvatic reservoir
56
reservoir host? transfer from domestic animals (cats & dogs)
domestic reservoir
57
def? any parasitic infection that transfers from animals to human beings
zoonosis
58
what does poor sanitation lead to
more organisms
59
true or false: the gov't does not control the spread of organisms
true
60
what does poor nutrition lead to
organisms spreading more
61
what can the gov't do to reduce the spread of organisms
educate people
62
what regional custom does china do that spreads lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani)
eat pickled crab
63
what is an intermediate host of lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani)
snails
64
what regional custom does Egypt do that spreads intestinal flukes
picked tiny fish
65
true or false: a colder region/country will spread more organisms
false
66
who spreads more organisms north or south America
south
67
damage? tissue breaking, lysing, inflammation, and decomposition; mechanical changes
tissue damage
68
what happens to the adipose cells during tissue damage
parasite increases adipose cells
69
def? completely breaking the tissue & changing the function of the tissue
necrosis
70
what tissue damage does pork tapeworm (Trichinella spiralis) affect
skeletal muscle
71
damage? Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Metaplasia, Neoplasia
tissue change
72
def? inflammation of part of the body
hyperplasia
73
what organism does hyperplasia
liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)
74
def? enlargement of the cell
hypertrophy
75
what organism does hypertrophy
Plasmodium vivax
76
def? 1 organism in part of the body causing Capsule which surrounds organism & damaging cell
metaplasia
77
what organism does metaplasia
Paragonimus westermani
78
def? causes cancer
neoplasia
79
what organism does neoplasia
blood fluke (Schistosoma haematobium)
80
def? some kind of association using prey; living organism using another living organism
predation
81
def? living organism using non-living organism/things
scavenger
82
where do protozoa live
animals or in colony
83
what differentiates the classes in phylum protozoa
locomotory organell
84
how does class sarcodina move
pseudopodia
85
how does class mastigophora move
flagella
86
describe class mastigophora flagella
1 or more
| longer than organism
87
where do the flagella originate from in class mastigophora
blephoroplast or kenitoplast
88
body of class mastigophora is divided into
ectoplasm and endoplast
89
how does class ciliophora move
cilia
90
describe cilia in class ciliophora
short
numerous
thicker than flagella
91
where do the cilia originate from in class ciliophora
kinetosome found in ectoplast
92
how does class sporozoa move
no locomotive organell
93
true or false: all of class sporozoa are parasitic
true
94
how many nuclei does phylum protozoa have
at least 1
95
what is the cytoplasm divided into in phylum protozoa
ectoplast and endoplast
96
which is darker endo or ectoplast in phylum protozoa
ectoplast
97
function of the ectoplast in phylum protozoa
protection
ingestion
excretion
movement
98
true or false: the endoplast does not have a nucleus in class sporozoa
false
99
function of the endoplast in phylum protozoa
digestion
| reproduction
100
what type of reproduction does phylum protozoa do
sexual and asexual
101
true or false: phylum protozoa is very complex
true
102
what are the 2 types of movement phylum protozoa does
slow and fast
103
what kind of asexual reproduction does phylum protozoa do
binary fission
104
what kind of protozoan does this kind of asexual reproduction: longitudinal, nuclear division, and cytokinesis
flagellates
105
what kind of protozoan does this kind of asexual reproduction: transverse, nuclear division, and cytokinesis
ciliates
106
what kind of protozoan does this kind of asexual reproduction: oblique, nuclear division, and cytokinesis
sarcodina
107
what kind of sexual reproduction does phylum protozoa do
conjugation
| syngamy.
108
describe conjugation in phylum protozoa
temp union
| part of both nuclei transfers
109
describe syngamy in phylum protozoa
permanent union
sperm + egg = zygote
each gamete has a nucleus
110
what is the nucleus called in the gametes of phylum protozoa
synkaryon
111
what are the 2 types of gametes in in phylum protozoa
isogametes
| an-isogametes (majority)
112
gamete? 2 gametes resemble each other (same size)
isogamete
113
gamete? 2 gametes different from each other
an-isogamete
114
what does phylum protozoa use for excretion of waste
mouth
115
what do ciliates in phylum protozoa use for excretion of waste
cytopyge
116
can a trophozoite become a cyst in phylum protozoa
yes
117
how does phylum protozoa cause problems
lysing
inflammation
damage cell
118
phylum protozoa kills people in the _____ stage
chronic
119
def? # of organism have obvious symptoms
symptomology
120
how is phylum protozoa transmitted
indirect contact
direct contact
contamination
121
what are the 3 phases of phylum protozoa
trophozoite
pre-cyst
cyst
122
where is entamoeba histolytica found
in the beginning and cecum of the large intestine
123
majority size of entamoeba histolytica
10-20 um
124
how to differentiate between entamoebas
look at nucleus and chromatin periphery
125
chromatin periphery of entamoeba histolytica
uniform/regular
126
do entamoeba histolytica contain RBC
may or may not
127
who founded entamoeba histolytica
fedor losch
128
how many nuclei do the pre cyst of entamoeba histolytica have
2
129
true or false: entamoeba histolytica pre-cyst and troph have the same structure
true
130
what are the 2 races of entamoeba histolytica troph
small and large
131
what does the small troph of entamoeba histolytica attack
cecum and large intestines
132
problems of small troph entamoeba histolytica
GI problems
133
does the small troph entamoeba histolytica have RBC
no
134
how does entamoeba histolytica small troph move through out the body
systemic circulation
135
what does the large troph of entamoeba histolytica cause
amoebic dysentery
136
where is the large troph entamoeba histolytica located (5)
```
blood
liver
lung
spleen
brain
```
137
what kind of sample do pt bring to test for large troph entamoeba histolytica
fecal sample 3x with at least 72 hr interval
138
true or false : large troph entamoeba histolytica can not go chronic
false
139
what is entamoeba histolytica troph sensitive to
heat
140
true or false: entamoeba histolytica troph can do multiple fission
true
141
1 cyst with 4 nuclei =
8 troph
142
what are the pathogenesity factors of entamoeba histolytica
sensitivity
intestinal condition
age
143
true or false: entamoeba histolytica is one of the most dangerous organisms
true
144
what test is done to see if a pt has entamoeba histolytica
blood and serology test
145
what will show in the blood test of pt with entamoeba histolytica
increase # of WBC/leukocytes
146
Pathogenicity of entamoeba coli
non pathogenic
147
where is entamoeba coli found
large intestine
148
which is the larger organism entamoeba coli or entamoeba histolytica
e histolytica
149
describe the endosome of entamoeba coli troph
large and not in the center
150
describe chromatin periphery of entamoeba coli troph
irregular with few chromatin fiber
151
parasitic relationship of entamoeba coli
commensal
152
how many nuclei does entamoeba coli cyst have
8
153
how does entamoeba coli move
pseudopodia
154
true or false: entamoeba harmanni has a similar structure to small race entamoeba histolytica
true
155
which organism is smaller entamoeba harmanni or small race entamoeba histolytica
entamoeba harmanni
156
true or false : entamoeba harmanni has chromatin periphery
false
157
parasitic relationship of entamoeba harmanni
commensal
158
parasitic relationship of Iodamoeba butchlii
commensal
159
troph size of Iodamoeba butchlii
small
160
describe the endosome of Iodamoeba butchlii troph
regular
161
true or false: the nucleus is off center in Iodamoeba butchlii troph
true
162
true or false: Iodamoeba butchlii troph have glycogen vacuole
true
163
where are the cyst of Iodamoeba butchlii found
large intestine
164
parasitic relationship of endolimax nana
commensal
165
true or false: endolimax nana troph structure is the not same as I. butchlii
false
166
Describe the endosome in endolimax nana
large, irregular, with chromatin periphery with chromatin fibers
167
what shape are the cyst of endolimax nana
oval shaped
168
how many nuclei do endolimax nana cyst have
4
169
true or false: entamoeba gingivalis has no cyst only troph
true
170
where do you find entamoeba gingivalis
oral cavity
171
what organism's structure is close to entamoeba gingivalis
E. histolytica
172
describe the chromatin periphery of entamoeba gingivalis
regular but less than E. histolytica
173
true or false: there are no WBC in entamoeba gingivalis
false
174
how is entamoeba gingivalis transferred
kissing
175
how do you get rid of entamoeba gingivalis
mouthwash
176
what are dientamoeba fragilis classified as
flagella
177
what organisms cause meningoencephalitis
naegleria floweri
hartmannella
acanthamoeba
178
how many forms are there of naegleria floweri
2
179
where are naegleria floweri found
water
180
when does naegleria floweri have flagella and when does it not
have- in water
| doesn't have- nose
181
where does naegleria floweri go after the nose
brain
182
what does naegleria floweri attack in the brain
grey matter and meninges
183
what are the symptoms of naegleria floweri
```
headache
sore throat
alteration of taste
fever
stuffy nose
```
184
how long does it take for naegleria floweri to kill people
4-5 weeks
185
when do they find naegleria floweri
during autopsy
186
where did they 1st find naegleria floweri
australia
187
what causes more problems naegleria floweri or acanthamoeba
naegleria floweri
188
what are the 3 types of mastigophora
intestinal
urogenital
blood and tissue
189
the majority of what type of flagellates cause problems
intestinal
190
describe the movement of mastigophora
beating movement
191
parasitic relationship of enteromonas hominis
commensal
192
size of enteromonas hominis troph
small
193
shape of enteromonas hominis troph
pear shape
194
how many nuclei and blephoroplast do enteromonas hominis troph have
1 and 1
195
shape of enteromonas hominis cyst
oval shaped
196
how many nuclei do enteromonas hominis cyst have
4
197
parasitic relationship of embadomonas intestinalis
commensal
198
shape of embadomonas intestinalis troph
pear shaped
199
how many nuclei and blephoroplast does embadomonas intestinalis troph have
1 and 1
200
describe the endosome of embadomonas intestinalis troph
large and centered
201
how many flagella do embadomonas intestinalis troph have
2
202
what is the mouth on embadomonas intestinalis troph called
cytosome
203
what organism causes mild diarrhea
chliomastix meshili
204
what kind of flagella does chliomastix meshili have
cystomal and 3 anterior flagella
205
what does the nucleus of chliomastix meshili troph have
chromatin grannule
206
true or false: chliomastix meshili troph has a cytosome
true
207
size of chliomastix meshili cyst
very small
208
shape of chliomastix meshili cyst
apical cone
209
where is trichomonas hominis found
large intestine
210
what does trichomonas hominis cause
diarrhea
211
how many anterior flagellum does trichomonad hominis troph have
5
212
what organism can cause bad breath and inflammation of the gums
trichomonas tenax
213
does dientamoeba fragilis have cyst
no
214
how many endosome are in each nucleus of dientamoeba fragilis
4-5
215
where are dientamoeba fragilis flagella
inside
216
what does dientamoeba fragilis cause (3)
diarrhea
abdominal pain
nausea
217
where is Giardia lamblia found
duodenum and small intestine (jejunum)
218
how many nuclei does Giardia lamblia troph have
2
219
how many nuclei does Giardia lamblia cyst have
4
220
who are most infected by Giardia lamblia
children
221
what makes the severity of Giardia lamblia
number of organism
222
what are you not supposed to eat when infected with Giardia lamblia
sugar
223
what organism interferes with absorption of vitamin a and fat
Giardia lamblia
224
what structure on Giardia lamblia cause thinning of cells
suckers
225
how many anterior flagella does t. vaginalis have
4
226
what pH t. vaginalis grow at
5 to 6.5
227
how long t. vaginalis survive in wet environment
24 hours
228
what organism causes vaginitis, urethritis ( F & M), prostits, epydidimitis
t. vaginalis
229
what medium is made out of cysteine, peptone, liver, maltose
CPLM
230
who invented CPLM
johnson
231
who invented diamond media
diamond
232
who invented trichosel media
kupfer
233
what increases t. vaginalis growth
sugar
234
how is t. vaginalis transferred
sex
| contact of items
235
what organisms do not have mitocondria
t. vaginalis
| G. lamblia
236
what kind of organism needs an intermediate host (fly)
trypanosoma
237
what is the 1st phase of development of blood and tissue flagellates
trypanosoma phase
238
what is the 2nd phase of development of blood and tissue flagellates
herpetomonad phases
239
what is the 3rd phase of development of blood and tissue flagellates
crithidial phase
240
what is the 4th phase of development of blood and tissue flagellates
leptomonad phase
241
what is the 5th phase of development of blood and tissue flagellates
leishmanial phase
242
what organism cause west African sleeping sickness
trypanosoma gambiense
243
what is the intermediate host of trypanosoma gambiense
glossina palpalis (tse tse fly)
244
what are the 3 phases of trypanosoma gambiense
trypanosoma
herpetomonad
crithidia
245
what organism affects the blood 1st then lymph nodes, bone marrow, spinal fluid
trypanosoma gambiense
246
how long is the 1st phase of trypanosoma gambiense
1 year
247
what is the incubation period of trypanosoma gambiense in the 1st phase
14 days
248
what organism has these symptoms in the 1st phase: fever, fatigue, muscle/joint problem, enlargement of cervical lymph node
trypanosoma gambiense
249
what does the 2nd phase of trypanosoma gambiense affect
bone marrow
250
what does the 3rd phase of trypanosoma gambiense affect
spinal cord
251
what phase of trypanosoma gambiense is the beginning of death
3rd phase
252
where is trypanosoma gambiense found (country)
west africa
253
what increases in the blood of someone with trypanosoma gambiense
WBCs
254
what test is ran for trypanosoma gambiense
complement fixation test
| fluorescent antibody test
255
what organism causes East African sleeping sickness
trypanosoma rhodesiense
256
what is the intermediate host of trypanosoma rhodesiense
glassing morsitans (East African tsetse fly)
257
what are the 3 phases of trypanosoma rhodesiense
trypanosome
herpetomonad
crithidial
258
how long does it take for trypanosoma rhodesiense to kill someone
9 mon to 1 yr
259
does trypanosoma rhodesiense have a winter bottom site
no
260
what organisms have these symptoms: fever, bleeding in brain, retardation, coma
trypanosoma rhodesiense
261
does trypanosoma gambiense have a winter bottom site
yes
262
what organism causes chagas’ disease or American typanosomians
Trypanosoma Cruzi
263
what is the intermidate host of Trypanosoma Cruzi
tiatoma infestans (kissing bug)
264
what shapes does Trypanosoma Cruzi come in
s or horseshoe shape
265
what are the 5 phases of Trypanosoma Cruzi
```
trypanosome
herpetomonad
crithidial
leptomonal
leishmanial
```
266
what would the lab test for Trypanosoma Cruzi diagnosis
blood
267
what experiement is preformed to diagnose Trypanosoma Cruzi
xenodiagnoais
268
what is cultured to test for Trypanosoma Cruzi diagnosis
sample of lymph or blood
269
what cell does Trypanosoma Cruzi grow in
macrophages
270
what phase of Trypanosoma Cruzi grows inside macrophages
leishmanial
271
what organism causes fever, enlarged liver and spleen, romana sign, myocarditis
Trypanosoma Cruzi
272
what is the intermediate host of leishmania
phlebotomus (sand fly)
273
what are the two phases of leishmania
leptomonal
| leishmanial
274
which phase of  leishmania is more active
leptomonal
275
what phase of  leishmania uses more oxygen and glucose
leptomonal
276
how is leishmania transfered
bite
blood transfusion
contamination of the conjuctiva

277
what organism causes kala-azar disease or dumdum fever 
leishmania donovani
278
what does leishmania donovani attack 
Humans, dogs
279
what is the intermediate host of  leishmania donovani
blood fly
280
what organism affects blood, limbs, bone marrow, liver, spleen
leishmania donovani
281
what is the incubation period of  leishmania donovani
2 to 3 weeks
282
what organism has the symptoms high fever, chills, enlarge liver and spleen, loss of appetite
leishmania donovani
283
how long can someone live with  leishmania donovani
two years
284
what type of  leishmania braziliensis Is ear to cheek
uta type
285
what type of  leishmania braziliensis Is known as Mexican type and ear only
chicle type
286
what is the most important type of  leishmania braziliensis And is ear to entire face
espundia type
287
how is leishmania braziliensis transmitted
bite
288
what organism is cutaneous leishmaniois
leishmania tropica
289
what organisms have the symptoms oral sore and delhi ulcer
leishmania tropica
290
what organism a taxidermis and epidermis and histocytes
leishmania tropica
291
what are the two phases of leishmania tropica
rural phase
| urban phase
292
what is the acute phase of  leishmania tropica
rural phase
293
what is the chronic phase of  leishmania tropica
urban phase
294
what is the worst type of  leishmania
donovani and brazilienses espundia type
295
what class moves and captures food using cilia
Ciliaphora
296
what organism causes balantidiosis and balantidium dysentry
balantidium coli
297
where is Balantidium coli found
cecum and ileum
298
what is it called when Balantidium is in feces/intestine of pigs
Balantidium swiss
299
what is it called when Balantidium is in humans
Balantidium coli
300
what causes a hemorrhage from Balantidium coli
cilia breaking the epithelial tissue to capillaries
301
what Balantidium causes hemorrhage
Balantidium dysentry
302
what organism causes these signs: anemia, loss of apetite, weight, ulcer, gangrene, diarrhea with blood
Balantidium
303
what about the human body cause Balantidium Swiss to change to Balantidium coli
environment of the intestines
