Test 1 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What makes one mineral different from another?
Number of valiance electrons
Whats a rock?
A combination of one mineral and at least one other substance
Whats a mineral
Any naturally occurring inorganic solid that possess an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition that allows for some variation.
Types of Mechanical Weathering (5)
1: Ice growth
2: Salt crystal growth
3: Sheeting
4: Thermal stressing
5: Biological Growth (plants)
Types of Volcanoes (3+1)
1: Shield: Made of basaltic, round flat shield shape
2: Composites: aka Stratovolcanoes, classic cone shape, composed of interbreed lava flows, large but smaller then shields
3: Cinder cones, tinny, built up by lil fragments that come out of it and crystalize in flight
?: Large igneous province
3 creators of Metamorphic Rocks
1: Heat
2: Pressure
3: Chemically Active Fluids
High grade vs Low grade
High grade: High levels of mepmorphic change
Low Grade: Low levels of mepmorphic change
Whats Foilation in metamorphic rocks
flat plain within a rock, clean line dividing
Types of Volcanic Eruption
1: Passive: nothing but gases escaping (no magma)
2: Efustive: low viscosity, runny, bubbling over, kinda fast (slower then watter, mafic)
3: Explosive: It’s in the name, high viscosity (felicias)
Types of Igneous Textures (6)
1: Aphanitic: Fine grained, microscopic crystals.
2: Phaneritic: Course grained, mass of intergrown crystals
3: Porhyritic: Two distinct grains, large or small crystals
4: Vesicular: Small holes, perforated
5: Glassy: Smooth
6: Pyroclastic: Fragmented
Intimidate between Felsic and Mafic
Andesitic
Physical Properties of mineral identification (9)
1: Optical (color n shit, generally unreliable)
2: Crystal Shape (single crystal or cluster called arrogates. Not always visible.)
3: Tenasity (how easy it is to break: brittle, elastic, malleable, sectal (cut into thin layers.))
4: Hardness (Mohs hardness scale, 1-10)
5: Cleavage (breakage point)
6: Density/specific gravity
7: Magnetism
8: Reactivity to acid
9: Taste (bad idea)
Soil Layer (5)
O
A
E
B
C
Control factors in soil creation
1: Parent marital
2: Climate
3: Plants and Animals
4: Topography
5: Time
Chemical Weathering Processes (4)
1: Dissolution
2: Oxidation
3: Hydrolysis
4: Hydration
Volcanic Hazards (5)
1: Ash
2: Gases
3: Pyroclastic flow
4: Lahars
5: Volcano-initiated tsuma
Intrusive vs Extrusive?
Intrusive: Magma cooled bellow surface
Extrusive: Magma cooled above surface
Volcanic Releases?
Lava, gasses pyroclastic materials
Ture or False: Magma is just liquid?
False
What do you call Volatiles (in magma)?
dissolved gasses in magma
Folilated Textures
1: Salty Cleavage
2: Phyletic sheen
3: Schistose texture
4: Gneissic banding
How does grain size relate to cooling speed?
Coarse Graned=Slow Cooling
Fine Graned= Fast Cooling
Texture (3)
1: Gran Size
2: Grain Sorting (well sorted= water and wind; poorly sorted glacial and gravity)
3: Grain Shape
Composition
1: Detrital
2: Chemical
