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Peds Test 1 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do children deteriorate more quickly than adults?

A

They have less physiologic reserve than adults

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2
Q

What are the 3 most common neonatal diagnoses?

A

newborns, hemolytic jaundice and prenatal jaundice, and premies

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3
Q

What are the 3 most common pediatric diagnoses?

A

Pneumonia, asthma, and acute bronchitis

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4
Q

As an infant what % of their body is their head?

A

25%

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5
Q

Growth and development are continuous process from what stages of life?

A

conception to death

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6
Q

When are the 2 biggest growth spurts in children?

A

0-18 months, and puberty

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7
Q

Growth and development is based on what?

A

age, sex, genetics, and enviroment

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8
Q

All body systems do not do what in kids?

A

do not develop at the same rate

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9
Q

Development is what?

A

cephalocaudal and proximodistal

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10
Q

What needs to be lost in neonates before development can proceed?

A

neonatal reflexes

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11
Q

What are some neonatal reflexes?

A

sucking, rooting, stepping, asymmetric neck reflex, grasping, and moro (startle)

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12
Q

When do neonates lose the neonatal reflexes?

A

4-6 weeks

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13
Q

age range for full term neonate?

A

38-42 weeks

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14
Q

age range for infant?

A

1-12 months

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15
Q

age range for a toddle

A

12-36 months

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16
Q

age range for preschool child

A

3-5

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17
Q

age range for school age child

A

6-12

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18
Q

age range for adolescent

A

12-18

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19
Q

age range for adult

A

> 18 years

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20
Q

In the toddler age the brain grows how much?

A

90%

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21
Q

Skills of a preschool child

A

undress self, can do simple buttons, draws 6 part man, always in motion,

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22
Q

skills of school age child

A

first molar, skipping, always in motion, coordination improves, puberty

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23
Q

Anatomic differences in peds and adults

A

smaller airways, inc. resistance to flow (Poiseulle’s law), lymphoid tissue and tongue is bigger, larynx is more anterior, epiglottis is stiffer and U shape, trachea is funnel shaped and narrowest at cricoid (softer, small cricoid membrane, shorter), carnia is at T-3

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24
Q

Implication for intubation in PEDs

A

harder to find epiglottis, use Sellick maneuver (cricoid pressure), R. mainstem intubation happens more than likely, usually used non cuffed tubes

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25
Q

lung growth continues postnatally until when?

A

8-12 years of age

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26
Q

Children do no have what when it comes to alveoli?

A

no Pores of Kohn, alveoli shallow and thicker membranes

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27
Q

Pediatric patients are dependent on what?

A

diaphragmatic breathing

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28
Q

What demand is higher in infants and children?

A

metabolic rate

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29
Q

Infants use how much more oxygen per kg?

A

2 times

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30
Q

How do infants and peds respond to the need to increase minute ventilation

A

inc. RR

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31
Q

recognition of strangers begins at what age?

A

6-30 months (worse at these ages)

32
Q

Separation from what is most difficult part of being hospitalized?

A

family and friends

33
Q

stranger anxiety peaks at what age ranges?

A

8-10 months

34
Q

Separation anxiety peaks at what age ranges?

A

12-30 months

35
Q

What are the phases of separation between child and caregivers?

A

protest, despair, depression/grief, detachment

36
Q

What age is the most routine oriented?

A

toddlers

37
Q

physical stressors for PEDS in a hospital

A

pain/discomfort, immobility, sleep deprived, changes in pee habits, changes in diet

38
Q

Enviromental stressors for PEDS in a hospital

A

unfamiliar surroundings/sounds/people, unpleasant smells, constant lights, activity related to other patients

39
Q

Psychological stressors for PEDs in a hospital

A

lack of privacy, inability to communicate, inadequate level of knowledge, perception of illnee, parental behavior

40
Q

Social stressors for PEDs in a hospital

A

disruption of routine, disrupted relationships, concern about missing school/work, play deprivation, financial effect on family

41
Q

What are the most frequent injuries in PEDs

A

falls, bed and crib entrapment, choking, strangulation, electrocution

42
Q

What is the most common form of restraint for children

A

manual

43
Q

What are the 3 effects that affect the FiO2 available in an oxygen enclosure

A

seal, size of enclosure, flowrate

44
Q

What FiO2 would you recommend an infant in an isolette would you also use a hood?

A

> 40%

45
Q

Documentation of hypoxemia in an infant?

A

PaO2 <95%

46
Q

Documentation of hypoxemia in NICU?

A

PaO2 <90% ( if higher could cause issues)

47
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypoxemia

A

inc. HR/RR, grunting, nasal flaring, retractions, paradoxic breathing, cyanosis, bradycardia, modeling

48
Q

What are some complications associated with excessive O2 use

A

PDA (patent ductus arteriosus), retinopathy of prematurity, hypoventilation with chronic lung disease, atelectasis, pulmonary vasodilation- not good if heart problems

49
Q

Flow for nasal catheter in infant

A

0.2-1 LPM

50
Q

flow for nasal cannula for infant

A

0.2-2 LPM

51
Q

flow for nasal cannula for PEDs

A

0.5-4 LPM

52
Q

Approx FiO2 for nasal cath in an infant

A

24-35%

53
Q

Approx FiO2 for nasal cannula in an infant and PEDs

A

21-50% can get up to 70%

54
Q

Nasal cannula is used on what in a NICU?

A

a blender/helped to wean babies

55
Q

Nasal cannula needs to be right size because of what?

A

unintended CPAP

56
Q

Simple masks flows for an infant

A

5-8 LPM, Peds 5-10 LPM

57
Q

FiO2 for simple masks

A

35-50%

58
Q

Partial rebreather LPM

A

10-12 LPM

59
Q

Non rebreather LPM

A

10-15 LPM

60
Q

Partial rebreather FiO2

A

60% and up

61
Q

Non rebreather FiO2

A

80% and up

62
Q

Air entrainment flow and FiO2

A

flow needs to exceed inspiratory flow, FiO2 is 24-50%

63
Q

Masks are not good for long term in PEDs because of what?

A

aspiration

64
Q

LVN are bad for babies because of what?

A

infection, absorb too much fluid, chilling baby, noise, and possible bronchospasm

65
Q

Tents and Huts LPM

A

> 10 LPM

66
Q

Tents and Huts FiO2

A

21-40%

67
Q

Hoods LPM

A

> 7 LPM

68
Q

Hoods FiO2

A

21-100% possible

69
Q

If 100% is in a hood what could be the possible problem it is trying to fix

A

small pneumothorax

70
Q

What ages can you give a SVN meds?

A

any age

71
Q

What ages can you give a MDI without a spacer

A

> or equal to 5

72
Q

What ages can you give a DPI?

A

> or equal to 6, as young as 4 if the patient can demonstrate good technique

73
Q

Peds and neonatal patients may only get what percentage of aerosolized meds no matter what device is used?

A

1%

74
Q

MDI in conjunction with a ventilator has what advantages?

A

no additional flow is needed, less disruption of circuit, less time consuming

75
Q

In the NICU if the patient needs an MDI what is usually done?

A

take baby off vent and hook ambu and MDI together

Peds Test 1 (1 decks)

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