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Biology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functions of proteins in a cell?

A
  • Catalyze reactions in the cell
  • Regulate gene expression in the cell
  • Carry substances in the cell
  • Provide an internal skeleton for the cell
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2
Q

What is true of carbon?

A
  • Carbon can form up to four bonds with neighboring atoms
  • Carbon is a major component of lipid “tails”
  • Electron orbitals in a carbon atom have a three-dimensional orientation in space
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3
Q

Which molecules can be found attached or embedded in the plasma membrane?

A
  • antiporters
  • symporters
  • glycolipids
  • glycoproteins
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4
Q

Which of the following is found in all cells?

A
  • Phospholipids
  • Ribosomes
  • Nucleic Acids
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5
Q

What supports the theory of endosymbiosis?

A

Some organelles in eukaryotic cells have a double membrane

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6
Q

What is true about intracellular (in the cytoplasm) receptors?

A
  • Signaling molecules for these receptors can pass freely through the membrane
  • The receptors can go straight into the nucleus to turn on genes
  • Steroid hormones usually activate intracellular receptors
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7
Q

What is scientific theory?

A

Explanation for a large body of data that has withstood all attempts at falsification

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8
Q

Why do proteins spontaneously fold into three-dimensional shapes in water?

A
  • Some amino acids have hydrophobic side groups

- Some amino acids have hydrophilic side groups

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9
Q

Animal cells store glucose in the form of _________.

A

Glycogen

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10
Q

Which of the following would apply to deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen?

  • it has a different number of protons than normal hydrogen
  • it is a distinct element from normal hydrogen
  • it will form stronger hydrogen bonds than normal hydrogen
  • it will form covalent bonds with other atoms just like normal hydrogen
A

It will form covalent bonds with other atoms just like a normal hydrogen

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11
Q

What would probably be brought into a cell by endocytosis?

A

a large protein

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12
Q

Which of the following statements about the nuclear membrane is true?

  • It contains pores for the passage of large molecules
  • It is composed of phospholipids
  • It contains ribosomes on the inner surface
  • Both A and C
  • ALL
A

Both A and C

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13
Q

Intermediate filaments are composed of __________.

A

Keratin

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14
Q

Which of the following components is not found in nucleic acids?

  • 5-carbon sugar
  • peptide bonds
  • phosphate groups
  • hydrogen bonds
  • all the above
A

peptide bonds

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15
Q

Which of the following is true of cellulose?

  • major component of plant cell walls
  • carbohydrate polymer composed of glucose monomers
  • protein polymer composed of amino acid monomers
  • A and B only
  • A and C only
A

A and B only

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16
Q

Which of the following types of chemical interactions is the weakest?

  • covalent bonds
  • hydrogen bonds
  • peptide bonds
  • hydrophobic interactions
  • all of these are equal
A

hydrophobic interactions

17
Q

What is true of ion channels?

A

they are embedded in the plasma membrane

18
Q

Which of the following might explain the absence of a nucleus in mammalian red blood cells?

  • mrbc’s have extra mitochondria so they don’t need a nucleus
  • m rbc’s only divide only divide by binary fission
  • mrbc’s are the product of nondisjunction during miosis
A

mammalian red blood cells can carry more hemoglobin without a nucleus

19
Q

Which of the following is true of pinocytosis?

A

it is used to bring more liquid into the cell

20
Q

Which of the following would be an example of active transport?

  • glucose being transported into the cell along its concentration gradient
  • neurotransmitter opening an ion channel to allow sodium into the cell
  • calcium being transported into the cell by an ATP-driven pump
A

calcium being transported into the cell by an ATP-driven pump

21
Q

True or False: Ice floats because more covalent bonds are forming between water molecules as the temperature decreases. This pushes the molecules apart, making ice less dense than liquid water.

A

False

22
Q

True or False: Scientific hypotheses can be proven true.

A

False

23
Q

True or False: Mitochondria are the functional equivalent of chloroplasts and are only found in animal cells?

A

False

24
Q

True or False: Hydrolysis is used to assemble glucose monomers into polysaccharides

A

False

25
Q

True or False: If you were looking for alien life on another planet, a planet containing an abundance of a liquid capable of forming hydrogen bonds, such as ammonia, might be a good place to look.

A

True

26
Q

True or false: Humans can’t digest cellulose because we lack an enzyme that can break the bond linking glucose monomers together in the cellulose chain.

A

True

27
Q

True or false: The presence of circular DNA and protein pumps in the inner membrane are evidences that chloroplasts are descended from an ancestral bacterium that lived symbiotically within a larger cell.

A

False

28
Q

True or false: Skeletal muscle cells contain multiple nuclei.

A

True

29
Q

Contains a highly folded inner membrane called christae

A

Mitochondria

30
Q

Defective in Tay-Sachs disease

A

Lysosome

31
Q

Structural proteins found in large amounts within muscle cells

A

Microfilaments

32
Q

Sorts proteins to various cellular destinations

A

Golgi Apparatus

33
Q

A membrane structure with embedded ribosomes

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

34
Q

Contains enzymes responsible for breaking down intracellular waste materials

A

Lysosome

35
Q

Large structure used for wtaer storage in plant cells

A

Vacuole

36
Q

Contains stacks of thylakoid membranes called grana

A

Chloroplast

37
Q

Site of lipid synthesis in the cell

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

38
Q

Modified into structures that store starch in some cells

A

Chloroplast

Biology (3 decks)

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