test 1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
approximately how long ago did architecture start to emerge as a meaningful and what was the name of this period?
neolithic period or new stone age; 9000 BC
When was Greek civilization formed and by what groups
1100BC- 800BC
-Dorians and Ionians
What are the five classical orders of Greek architecture
-Doric, Ionic, Corninthian, Tuscan and Composite and byzanite
How is “order” defined within the classical orders of Greek architecture?
- not just a column, all aspects of elevation of temple
- refined proportion and scale
Who are the Etruscans and what did they contribute to the classical orders of architecture?
- first group in Italy to form a visual art
- predecessors to the Romans
- invented Tuscan Order : Capital –> Shaft –> Base
When did Roman civilization begin and what were the two main architectural influences on this society?
- 753 BC
- Hellenistic and Etruscan influences
What is considered to be the most innovative building material created by the Romans?
-invention of concrete
What Roman structural support system replaced the Greek post and lintel?
arch
What transition in human history greatly influenced architecture during the middle ages?
-Christian supremacy and worship (Christian symbolism-> Latin Cross)
What is Romanesque architecture and during what period did it occur?
- 11th and 12th century, medieval europe
- round/ slightly pointed arches, barrel vaults, cruciform piers supporting vaults
What is Gothic architecture and during what period did it occur?
- 12th century
- emphasis verticality; greta expanses glass, flying butresses, pointed arches, ribbed stone vaults, pointed spires
- stain glass windows showing biblical stories
disc 2: What is the Renaissance era of architecture and when did it take place?
- 15th century ; end of middle ages
- florence italy “cradle of renaissance”
What is the primary influence of Renaissance architecture and how does it differ from medieval architecture?
- end of biblical architecture
- based on spiritual and intellectual autonomy of the individual
From an aesthetic perspective, how do Renaissance architecture differ from medieval architecture?
- construction of vast domes and complex features
- complex paintings
What is the Baroque era of architecture and when did it take place?
- 17th century
- used exaggerated motion and clear detail to produce drama, tension, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature and architecture –> began to express religious and spiritual themes
What are the characteristics of Baroque architecture and what is the main influence?
- inspired by triumph of Catholic Church over Protestant Reformation
Baroque architecture was highly promoted by the aristocracy for what reasons
-encouraged grandeur in arch. design in order to impress visitors and express triumph and control
Approximately when did the influences on/for modern era of architecture emerge?
1850 as reaction against ‘continuity with the past’
Approximately when did the “practice” of modern era architecture begin?
1900 “ Machine Age”
-rational and functional
What are the basic geometric shapes common in modern architecture?
square circle and triangle
What is the Arts and Crafts Movement in architecture and when did it take place?
- 1860s/ 1870’s
- value fine works of craftsman and sculptors vs industrialized architecture
What is the Art Nouveau Movement in architecture and when did it take place?
- similar to arts and crafts; combined design o craftsmen, sculptors, painters, artists and architects in a single expression
- started in France in 1890
- rejected repetition of past architectural styles and incorporated new materials within modern designs
When was the Chicago School of Architecture established and by whom?
William Le Baron; 1885
What are two events that happened in Chicago that supported the need for the Chicago School of Architecture?
- catastrophic fire destroyed must of city 1871
- Industrial revolution transformed Chicago in economic hub –> increase land prices –> multi storey buildings (now had elevators!)
