By priest authority, transubstantiation( the bread and wine are really turned into the body and blood of Christ) consecrated alter.
Roman Catholic view of Eucharist(counter reformation)
Plaster speaks words of institution, understood as words of promise. Words affect presence of Christ “in, with, and under” the elements, so that Christ’s body and blood are truly present. Celebrated on an “alter” though no re-sacrifice of Christ.
Luther view of Eucharist
Holy Spirit comes to the Eucharist , every one remembers what Christ did but Christ stays in heaven, Holy Spirit lifts communicants souls to heaven to commune with Christ and each other.
Calvin view of Eucharist
Minister speaks words of institution, in obedience to Christ command. Every one remembers Christ’s sacrifice. CHRIST REMAINS IN HEAVEN. Bread and wine provides opportunity for spiritual communion with one another and with Christ. Celebrated on table since there is NO SACRAMENTAL MYSTERY.
Zwingli view of Eucharist.
Christ ascended to heaven so there for he can not be in the Eucharist. Same beliefs as Zwingli
Anabaptist belief of Eucharist
Kind of hear nor there when it comes to the Eucharist. It is the body and blood but priest says preserve thy body and soul hinting at reformation.
English reformation
These where reforms such as indulgences to an exstent where changed. Council of Trent called by the Holy Roman Empire ruler to try and fix the rift in the church. They reformed a few things but kept most of it since no one from other groups such as the Lutherans where really able to speak so they left.
Counter reformation(the Roman Catholic Church with a few changes)
2 sacraments, the lords table(communion) and Baptism.
Lutheran, Calvinism, anabaptist
Baptism, conformation, communion, marriage, anointing of the sick, holy orders(priest, pope, bishop) ,reconciliation(confession)
7 sacraments
Counter reformation
Religions that allow marriage of priests
Lutheranism, Zwingli, English reformation,
Did not allow priest to be married
Anabaptist, counter reformation(Roman Catholic
Religions that believe in election and predestination
Calvinism, Lutheranism( doesn’t believe in absolute version), Zwingli
People who wrote about monetary abuses in the church and there writings
Luther(94 thesis), Erasmus (In Praise of Folly)
Writers and there writings criticism of clergy’s behavior.
Luther(94thiesis), Erasmus(in praise of folly), Marguerite of Navarre(Wrote many tales, (exp. “mirror of the sinful soul”,”the inquisitor”….), Zwingli
The reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation. The chief aims of this was to increase faith among church members, get rid of some of the abuses to which the leaders of the Reformation objected, and affirm some of the principles rejected by the Protestant churches, such as veneration of the saints and acceptance of the authority of the pope. Many Jesuits were leaders of this.
Counter Reformation
Catholics themselves started changing
Catholic reformation
1500-1799
Early modern Catholicism
Some representatives from reformed groups came to some of the meetings. There where 3 meetings. Opened by pope Paul 3.-emphasis on scripture and tradition(pray for saints inter session).-biblical interpretation, church, indulgences(many were taken away).- Vulgate(Latin version of bible) primary, mass also In Latin.-7 sacraments.-bishops need to live in there diocese.-seminary for priests necessary.-purgatory
Council of Trent(Tridentine)
Created the Spanish Inquisition.
Isabella of Castile
Started as a soldier. Took a canon shot to legs. Turned to god. Became more of a scroller attended Started the order known as “Society of Jesus”(Jesuit)
Ignatius Loyola
An order of religious men, noted for its educational,missionary, and charitable works,regarded by many as principle agent of the counter reformation.
Society of Jesus (Jesuit)
Co-founder of the jesuits, Spanish, missionary, especially in India and Japan.
Francis Xavier
Spanish monk in the Carmelite order. Tried to reform the order. Best known for his spiritual poems.
John of the cross
A list of books banned by the Catholic Church because they where heretical
Index of forbidden books
Was queen of France, war between Roman Catholics and the Huguenots(French Calvinists) plotted the St.Bartholomew day massacre.
Catherine de‘Medici
Massacre in France of the Huguenots(French calvinists) by Roman Catholic nobles and citizens. August 24/25, 1572
St. Bartholomew day massacre
Born in Castilia(Spain) Jewish ancestry. (Feminist) important writings “interior castle” out line 1st room- move beyond external distractions. 2nd room- humility, self-knowledge, repentance.
Teresa of Ávila
Noble woman vary educated. Reformer but didn’t leave church.(humanism) critical on exspeshaly Franciscans for sexual abuses. Corresponded with Calvin and Melanchthon. Wrote Heptaméron.
Marguerite of Navarre
Book written by Marguerite. Collection of 72 stories. It was a critique of clergy’s financial, spiritual, and sexual abuses of laity.
Heptameron (means 7 days)
a Protestant sectarian of a radical movement arising in the 16th century and advocating the baptism and church membership of adult believers only, nonresistance, and the separation of church and state.
Anabaptist
Baptizer, merchant
Conrad Grebel
Germany, Luther lived and preached here. As well as nail the 95 thesis.
Wittenberg
Place where first anabaptist was baptized. Zwingli initiated the Switzerland reformation
Zurich
Place where Luther translated the Bible in German. Protected him after he defended his writings at the imperial diet of worms.
Wartburg
The place where the pope lives.
Rome
A court
Consistory
Fine for $20
Sou
Spanish doctor. Discovered palm in art blood flow. Burned at stake in 1553 for writing a book called “Errors About The Trinity” (argued that Jesus not pre-existent or Devine) wrote to Calvin, calvin sent book, he critiqued it and sent it back. Was caught by Calvinist when going threw Geneva.
Michael Servetus
Common language
Vulgate
Council members
Burgher
Go around and find out the state of the parish
Saxon visitation
A court
Consistory
Pay for children if priest
Cradle tax
Being made right with god
Justification by grace through faith
Lutherans can’t get
Faith
No choice
Bound will
Wrote the book “First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women” bad things about women
John Knox
Last judgment
Michelangelo
Founder of the Mennonites
Menno Simmons
In praise of folly
Erasmus (humanism)
Declaration on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex
Henricus Cornelius Agrippa
A bull issued by Pope Boniface VIII, The position of the pope as supreme head of the church.
Unam sanctam
German churchman, Wrote “Malleus Maleficarium”. (Described witch craft and how to exterminate them)
Heinrich Kramer (late medieval church)
German renaissance painter. (Close friend to Martin Luther)
Lucas Cranach the Elder
English composer
Thomas Tallis
Spanish renaissance
El Greco (the Greek)
Wrote poems against Luther. Was a nun
Anna Bijns
(Especially in Calvinism) a sinner who is not of the elect and is predestined to damnation.
Reprobate
Was a French reformer in Geneva. Wrote “institutes of the Christian religion”
John Calvin
German anabaptist.
Balthasar Hubmaier
Wrote- to the Christian nobility, Freedom of the Christian, Exsurge Domine, Decet Romanum pontificem, Small Catechism, 95 theses
Martin Luther
Wrote- Book of Comin Prayer
Thomas Cranmer