Flashcards in Test 1 Deck (79)
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1
verbal and nonverbal interaction between two for sometimes more than two interdependent people
interpersonal communication
2
at the _____ end of the spectrum, you have simple conversation between people who don't really know each other-- customer and a server
impersonal
3
at the ____ end the communication takes place between two people who are intimately interconnected-- father and son, two longtime lovers, best friends
personal (highly)
4
moments when you have to make a choice about whom you communicate with, what you say, what you don't say, how you phrase what you want to say, and so on.
choice points
5
emphasizes that both functions are performed by each individual in interpersonal communication
source-receiver
6
formulates and sends messages
source functions
7
perceives and comprehends messages
receiver functions
8
those who shared information and also replied to others; these made up about 20% in a study about twitter messages/users
informers
9
those who mainly gave out information about themselves; these made up about 80% of the people in twitter study
meformers
10
ability to effectively is your interpersonal; includes the knowledge that, in certain contexts and with certain listeners, one topic is appropriate and another isn't; appropriateness of touching, vocal volume, and physical closeness
competence
11
refers to the act of producing messages- speaking and writing
encoding
12
refers to the act of understanding messages- listening or reading
decoding
13
refers to using different language styles depending on the situation; talk differently to a child than to an adult(on topics you talk about and in language you use) facebook twitter grammar during a job interview
code switching
14
signals that serve as stimuli for a receiver and received by one of our senses- auditory(hearing), visual (seeing), tactile (touching), olfactory(smelling), gustatory (tasting) or any combination of these sense
messages
15
a state of mental awareness; in a mindful state, you're conscious of your reasons for thinking and communicating in a particular way.
mindfulness
16
a lack of conscious awareness of your thinking or communicating
mindlessness
17
some messages are exchanged in real time; messages are sent and received at the same time as in face to face and phone messages
synchronous communication
18
messages are sent at one time and received at other and perhaps responded to at still another time. poking on facebook
asynchronous communication
19
messages that are about other messages are called ;;; represent many of everyday communications; include "do you understand" did I say that right? is it fair to say that ; i want to be honest
metamessages
20
tells the speaker what effect she or he is having on listeners; speaker may adjust, modify, strengthen, deemphasize, or change content or form of the messages; may come from yourself and others; frown smile, yay or nay, pat on back
feedback
21
information you provide before sending your primary message.; reveals something about the message to come. ex include preface or table of contents of book, opening paragraph of a chapter or post, movie previews, magazine covers
feedforward
22
the medium through which messages pass. bridge connecting source and receiver; telephone, face to face contact, email, film radio, smoke signals, fax
channel
23
anything that distorts a message- anything that prevents the receiver from receiving the message; roaring noise or line static
noise
24
the interference that is external to both speaker and listener, it impedes the physical transmission of the signal or message; screeching of cars, hum of computer
physical noise
25
created by barriers within the sender or receiver, such as visual impairments, hearing loss, articulation problems, memory loss
physiological noise
26
mental interference in the speaker or listener and includes preconceived ideas, wandering thoughts, biases and prejudices, closed mindedness
psychological noise
27
interference that occurs when the speaker and listener have different meaning systems; examples include language or dialectical differences, use of jargon overly complex terms, meanings misinterpreted
semantic noise
28
environment that influences the form and content of your messages
context
29
tangible or concrete environment in which communication takes place- room hallway, size of space, temp and the number of people present
physical dimension
30
has to do not only with the time of day and moment in history but also with where a particular message fits into the sequence of communication events, telling an inappropriate joke about friend dieing when she just lost someone
temporal dimension
31
includes status relationships among the participants, roles and games that people play, friendliness, formality, or gravity of the situation. social networks facebook and google plus
social-psychological dimension
32
includes the cultural beliefs and customs of the people communicating
cultural dimension
33
the study of good and bad, right and wrong, of moral and immora
ethics
34
views interpersonal communication as a process with elements that are interdependent and the participants are mutually influential; each person serves simultaneously as speaker and listener, at the same time you send messages, you also receive messages
transactional perspective
35
a message that can be interpreted as having more than one meaning; occurs because people use words that can be interpreted differently. soon, right away, in a minute
ambiguous, ambiguity
36
used when you want to be ambiguous, and it is seen in a variety of situations. The person who is complementing you on your interview may acting strategically______ to keep you interested in the position while the company interviews more and perhaps better candidates. used when you dont want to insult someone but you dont want to lie
strategic ambiguity
37
the two individuals mirror each other's behavior. one member nags, other nags
symmetrical relationship
38
the two individuals engage in different behaviors; the behavior of one serves as a stimulus for the other; occupy dif positions- superior and inferior
complementary relationship
39
in many instances, you're communicating even though you might not think you are or might not even want to be
inevitibility
40
means that what you have communicated remains communicated; you cannot uncommunicate
irreversibility
41
you can never repeat the experience of meeting a particular person for the first time, comfortaing a grieving friend, etc
unrepeatability
42
a generalization that explains how something works
theory
43
a systematic process of discovering an answer or answers to a quiestion
research
44
the relitively specialized lifestyle of a group of people that is passed on from one generation to the next through communication, not through genes
culture
45
often called social darwinism holds that much as the human species evolved from earlier life forms homosapeins, cultures also evolve
cultural evolution
46
holds that all cultures are different but that no culture is either superior or inferior to any other
culture relativism
47
refers to the biological distinction between male and female
sex
48
refers to the social construction of masculinity and feminity within a culture
gender
49
process by which you learn the culture into which you"re born (your native culture)
enculturation
50
an identification and adoption of beliefs and customs of the culture
ethnic identity
51
the process by which you learn the rules and norms of a culture different from your native culture
acculturation
52
immigrant assimilates into the dominant cultures values, beliefs, and language
assimilation
53
teaches members the importance of individual values such as power, achievement, hedonism, and stimulation. ex are cultures of US australia, UK netherlands, canada
individualistic culuture
54
teaches members the importance of group values such as beneveloence, tradition, and conformity. Ex Guatemala, ecuador, panama, venezueala, columbia, indonesia
collectivistic culture
55
high correlated with individualism; one in which people are treated as individuals rather than in terms of the groups(racial, sexual,national, for ex) to which they belong; teaches a respect for other cultures, other beliefs, and other ways of doing things
universalist orientation
56
highly correlated with collectivism; fosters a strong in-group affiliation with much less respect for out-group members; hostility towards other cultures, special privelages are reserved for in group members
eclusionist orientation
57
much of the information in communication is in the context or in the person. Ex-- info that was shared through previous communications through assumptions about each other and through shared experiences; info is known by all participants, but not explicitely stated in the message; reluctant to say no for fear of offending and causing the other person to lose face
high context culture
58
most of the info is explicitly stated in the verbal message; in formal transactions, it will be stated in written (or contract) form; to say no when you mean no, may interpret this reluctance to be direct as a weakness or as an unwillingness to confront reality
low-context culture
59
high context cultures are also what; place great emphasis on personal relationships and oral agreements. Japan is one example
collectivistic cultures
60
low context cultures are also what; these cultures put less emphasis on personal relationships and ore emphasis on verbalized, explicit explanation-- for ex on written contracts in business transactions. German, swedish, american cultures
individualistic cultures
61
refers to how power is distributed in a society
power distance
62
power is concentrated in the hands of a few, and there's great difference between the power held by these people and the power of the ordinary citizen
high power distance cultures
63
power is more evenly distributed throughout the citizenry
lower power distance cultures
64
values aggressiveness, material success and strength
masculine culture
65
values modesty, concern for relationships and the quality of life, and tenderness
feminine culture
66
members of this culture dont feel threatened by unknown situations; uncertainty is a normal part of life, and people accept is as it comes; minimize the importance of rules of governing communication and relationships; readily tolerate individuals who dont follow the same rules as the cultural majority
high ambiguity tolerant cultures
67
members of this culture do much to avoid uncertainty and have a great deal of anxiety about not knowing what will happen next; they see uncertainty as threatening and as something that must be counteracted; created clear cut rules for communication that must not be broken
low ambiguity tolerant cultures
68
an orientation that promotes the importance of future rewards; members of these cultures are more apt to save for the future and to prepare for the future academically; marriage is a practical arrangement, rather than one based on sexual or emotional arousal, and living with extended family is common and normal, mothers stay home take care of kids, old age is happy time in life
long term orientation
69
look more to the past and the present; instead of saving for the future, members of this culture spend their resources for the present and want quick results from their efforts; teach marriage as a moral arrangement, humility virtue only for women, old age is an unpleasant time of life
short term orientation
70
cultures high in this emphasize the gratification of desires; they focus on having fun and enjoying life; positive attitudes, greater optimism
indulgance
71
feeling that you may do as you please, have freedom of choice to do or not do what you want
life control
72
feeling that you have leisure time to do what you find fun
leisure
73
cultures high in this are those that foster the curbing of such gratification and its regulation by social norms, more unhappy people; see themselves as lacking control of own lives with no leisure time for fun activities, less satisfying family lives
restraint
74
refers to communication between persons who have different cultural beliefs, values, or ways of behaving
intercultural communication
75
variations in a language, mainly in grammar and semantics; southerners may sound different but are still understood by northerners; speaking different dialects of english
dialects
76
when different in speech are differences in pronunciation; the emphasis or stress you place on various syllables
accents
77
a fixed impression of a group of people
sterotype
78
the tendency to see others and their behaviors through your own cultural filters, often as distortions of your own behaviors
ethnocentrism
79
