Test 1

Question 1

Maps have:

Answer 1

key, scale, purpose, symbology

Question 2

Jon Kimerling

Answer 2

any geographical image of the environment

Question 3

Arthur Robinson

Answer 3

made Robinson projection, a drawn representation of geographic space

Question 4

2 basic types of images

Answer 4

physical-air photos (minimal distortion)

cognitive-our minds pic of important “real stuff”

Question 5

cartographic maps

Answer 5

stable, correctly images when compared to cognitive maps (ex: globes, physical models)

Question 6

the process of understanding

Answer 6

reading, analysis, interpretation

Question 7

recent:

Answer 7

experience has found that teaching map making didnt effectively train map users to use and read maps

Question 8

map making vs map use

Answer 8

1960s: transformation view-map readers cannot understand map if its not simple
cognitive view-popular in later 70s, “teach map reading, dont simplify maps”
today: everyone uses maps, easily accessible

Question 9

cognitive maps

Answer 9

minds eye view of the world

Question 10

qualitative vs quantitative

Answer 10

qual-perceptions, names, nonnumeric characteristics

quan-perceptions or facts based on numeric measurements

Question 11

cartogram

Answer 11

puts data before geography-intentional skewing of physical space (huge texas) (1 inch to 5 hours)

Question 12

to build a map we need:

Answer 12

region, time, variables, scale

Question 13

mappings catch 22 (3 components play against one another in geospatial representation

Answer 13

scale, regional coverage and product size

Question 14

1 mi=? ft

Answer 14

5280 ft

Question 15

types of scale

Answer 15

verbal-1 in=5 mi
graphic-drawing map unit on map and do not state it (scale bars, least accurate)
RF-1:24,000 (1 map unit is 24,000 of real world units)

Question 16

measurement levels (NOIR)

Answer 16

nominal-names only (soils, land cover, voter registration)
ordinal-has an order, no number associated (freshman, sophmore, etc.)
interval-use numbers and amount of difference between numbers (no 0 thats meaningful) C and F
Ratio-numeric scale likes interview (0 means none) Rain, speed

Question 17

central perspective

Answer 17

1 eye vision, pic taken with single lens (most accurate point is directly under lens, least accurate at edges)

Question 18

stereographic

Answer 18

2 eye vision, combines info to see depth (3D vision)

Question 19

parallel

Answer 19

infinite number of eyes, not physically possible (MOST maps are formatted in parallel perspective-doesnt distort)

Question 20

vantage point

Answer 20

used in 2D maps that appear to be 3D

Question 21

azimuth

Answer 21

gives direction of viewer from center of map in standard directional units (true north-0 or 360 deg)

Question 22

visual (altitude)

Answer 22

angle above horizon (plane) on which drawing is based (height above ground as an angle)

Question 23

kinds of visual altitude

Answer 23

vertical
horizontal
oblique (in between vertical and horizontal)

Question 24

projection always involves

Answer 24

distortion

Question 25

latitude max and min

Answer 25

max=90 deg, min=0 deg

Question 26

longitude max and min

Answer 26

max=180, min=0

Question 27

earth properties

Answer 27

equivalence-equal area conformality-shapes are correct (preserves local angles) azimuthality (planar)-most direct path equidistance-equal distance

Question 28

you can never have:

Answer 28

conformality and equivalence

Question 29

this must happen with every map

Answer 29

generalization

Question 30

symbols for nominal/QUALTITATIVE distinctions

Answer 30

shape variations, color, pattern, orientation

Question 31

symbols for ordered/QUANTATIVE distinctions

Answer 31

size and darkness of symbols

Question 32

having height associated

Answer 32

ranked

Question 33

3 types of prevalent cartograms

Answer 33

linear, azimuthal, area

Question 34

Classes of structures

Answer 34

1-occupied | 2-non occupied

Question 35

spot elevations (3 types)

Answer 35

Bench marks, field checked spot height (brown X 2110), photogrammetric spot heights (all brown X 2032)-most common

Question 36

classses of roads

Answer 36

``` 1-primary highways (solid red) 2-secondary highways (red/white lines) 3-light duty (two, think black lines) 4-unimproved (double dashed lines) 5-jeep trails (single dashed lines) ```

Question 37

two types of streams

Answer 37

perennial and intermittent

Question 38

what to include on a map (TALDOGS)

Answer 38

``` Title author legend date orientations grid scale ```

Question 39

according to the cognitive view of cartographic communications

Answer 39

people gain info for their mental maps in many ways