What is the measure of long term blood sugar control?
Hgb A1C
What is the normal percent of hemoglobin that is glycosylated ?
4-6%
What in an abnormal measurement for percent of hemaglobin glycosylated ?
> 6.4
What are stool testings used for?
Fat malabsorption, GI flora, blood, pathogens
What is ordered with unexplained anemia?
Fecal occult blood test
What cytokines let you know their is inflammation?
IL-1 beta, TNF-a, IL-6
How can cytokines and eicosanoids cause edema?
They increase muscle breakdown and cause redistribution of plasma proteins.
How do cytokines inhibit transferrin ?
They decrease production on RBC and pull iron away from hemoglobin to ferritin.
Are lab tests for anemia reliable when inflammation is present?
Noooooooooo nope nah
Size of RBC in microcytic anemia?
<80
Size of RBC in macrocytic anemia?
<99
Microcytic anemia is most likely what kind of deficiency?
Iron (maybe copper tho)
Macrocytic anemia is most likely what deficiency ?
Folate or B12`
Antioxidant vitamins?
C and E
Mineral with antioxidant role?
She
Photochemicals with oxidative stress/
Carotenoids
What are some aox enzymes?
Superoxide mutase, catalase, glutathione
What is the biomarker found in urine for oxidative stress?
F2-isoprostates
What is the enzyme that oxidizes LDL?
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
What is used to measure carotienoid level In skin?
Raman spectroscopy
What deficiency is associated with poor wound healing?
Protein, vit C, zinc
A deficiency in what is associated with pallor?
Iron, folate, b12
A deficiency in what is associated with general dermatitis ?
Zinc EFA
A deficiency in what is associated with follicular hyperkeratotsis ?
Vit A or EFA
A deficiency in what is associated with petechiae or ecchymoses?
Vitamin K or C
A deficiency in what is associated with dementia?
Thiamin, nicain, b12
A deficiency in what is associated with tetany ?
Calcium or magnesium def, sodium or phos excess
What are components of the funtional nutritional assessment?
Ingestion, digestion, utilization.
Food decreases iron supp absorption by what?
50%
OJ increases iron absorption by what?
85%
You should separate mineral supps from meds by how long?
2-6 hours
What increases metabolism of Vit D, folate and biotin?
Tegretol
What depletes folate?
Methotrexate
What depletes CoQ10?
Statins
What decrease potassium excretion ?
ACE inhibitions
What do cortiosteroids do to sodium excretion, calcium, potassium?
Decrease sodium excretion, increase potassium and calcium excretion