Test 1 Review - Unit 2

Question 1

Cardiovascular Disease

Answer 1

Avoid vasoconstrictors (epi) or use cardiac dose

Question 2

Allergy to LA Agent

Answer 2

Absolute contraindication, do not use

Question 3

Sulfa Drug Allergy

Answer 3

Avoid articaine

Question 4

Bisulfate Allergy

Answer 4

Avoid vasoconstrictors (epi), absolute contraindication, do not use

Question 5

Asthma

Answer 5

Up to 10% chance of an allergic reaction to bisulfates, monitor for signs/symptoms of reaction/bronchospam

Question 6

Uncontrolled Hyperthyroidism

Answer 6

Absolute contraindication to vasoconstrictors (epi)

Question 7

Underactive Thyroid

Answer 7

Potential for overdose, keep LA to a minimum

Question 8

Pregnancy

Answer 8

Safely administered, wait till trimester 2

Question 9

Diabetes

Answer 9

Limit epi - can alter blood glucose levels

Question 10

Lidocaine is a …

Answer 10

Potent vasodilator

Question 11

Lidocaine is metabolized in the …

Answer 11

Liver

Question 12

The duration of lidocaine and mepivacaine is…

Answer 12

180-300 mins

Question 13

Is Mepivacaine a weak or strong vasodilator?

Answer 13

Weak

Question 14

Mepivacaine is metabolized in the…

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

Mepivacaine is a good option for…

Answer 15

CVS conditions, sulfite contraindications

Question 16

Prilocaine is metabolized mostly in the…

Answer 16

Lungs

Question 17

Articaine is metabolized mostly in the…

Answer 17

Plasma

Question 18

Bupivicaine is metabolized in the…

Answer 18

Liver

Question 19

Bupivicaine has the longest half-life of…

Answer 19

3.5 hr

Question 20

Bupivicaine has the longest duration of…

Answer 20

240-540 min

Question 21

Are esters or amides more commonly used in dentistry and why?

Answer 21

Amides. Less potential for allergic reaction.

Question 22

Are amides or esters strictly used for topical?

Answer 22

Esters

Question 23

Differentiate between absolute & relative contraindications

Answer 23

Absolute - can never administer substance, could be life threatening

Relative - may be used after weighing risks/benefits, only if no other choice

Question 24

We counter the vasodilation effects of LA with the addition of…

Answer 24

Vasoconstrictors (epinephrine)

Question 25

What causes needle breakage?

Answer 25

Poor technique, client movement

Question 26

What is hematoma and what causes it (with LA use)?

Answer 26

Swelling/bruising; caused by puncturing a blood vessel due to over-insertion

Question 27

What is transient facial nerve paralysis and how is it caused (with LA use)?

Answer 27

Loss of motor function on one side of the face; caused by LA into parotid gland

Question 28

What is parathesis?

Answer 28

Prolonged anesthesia

Question 29

What is trismus?

Answer 29

Muscle spasm causing temp lock jaw

Question 30

What causes tissue sloughing?

Answer 30

Prolonged use of topical

Question 31

What does an epi overdose present like?

Answer 31

Fight or flight response

Question 32

Define eutectic

Answer 32

Melts or solidifies at certain temp

Question 33

EMLA

Answer 33

Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic

Question 34

What are the active ingredients in Oraqix?

Answer 34

Lidocaine & Prilocaine (2.5% ea)

Question 35

What is the duration or Oraqix?

Answer 35

20 mins approx.

Question 36

What is the maximum application per session for Oraqix?

Answer 36

5 cartridges per person

Question 37

What needle gauge numbers are most recommended?

Answer 37

25 or 26

Question 38

T/F - the higher the needle gauge number, the bigger the diameter or the lumen

Answer 38

false, higher the number, smaller the diameter

Question 39

Ideal PH in LA carpal?

Answer 39

6-7, acidity slows onset