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Bancroft: AP1 > Test #10 - Class 18: Muscles 73-84; Class #19: Muscles 85-92; Class #20: Muscles 93-99 > Flashcards

Test #10 - Class 18: Muscles 73-84; Class #19: Muscles 85-92; Class #20: Muscles 93-99 Flashcards

(111 cards)

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1
Q

What pattern do the paraspinal (paravertebral) muscles exist in?

A

A staggered pattern from the occipital bone to the sacrum.

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2
Q

How many layers are the paraspinal (paravertebral) muscles arranged?

A

3 layers; all covered in a more superficial layer of back and neck muscles

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3
Q

What are the 3 most superficial layer of muscles covering the 3 layers of the paraspinal muscles?

A
  1. Trapezius; 2. Rhomboids; and 3. Latissimus Dorsi
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4
Q

How many deep layer of paraspinal muscles?

A

3 muscles

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5
Q

What are the 3 deep layer of paraspinal muscles?

A
  1. Intertransversarii; 2. Interspinales; and 3. Rotatores
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6
Q

How big are and how many joints do the deepest layer of the paraspinal muscles cross?

A

Very small muscles that only span 1 joint

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7
Q

Deep layer of the paraspinal muscles: Intertransversarii

A

GL: POSTERIOR, BACK, DEEP (T.P. to T.P.)

O: Transverse process of inferior vertebrae

I: Transverse process of superior vertebrae

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8
Q

Deep layer of the paraspinal muscles: Interspinales

A

GL: POSTERIOR, BACK, DEEP (S.P. to S.P.)

O: Spinous process of inferior vertebrae

I: Spinous process of superior vertebrae

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9
Q

Deep layer of the paraspinal muscles: Rotatores

A

GL: POSTERIOR, BACK, DEEP (T.P. to S.P.)

O: Transverse processes of all vertebrae L5-C3

I: Spinous processes of next vertebrae superiorly

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10
Q

How many intermediate layer of paraspinal muscles?

A

2 muscles

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11
Q

What are the 2 intermediate layer of paraspinal muscles?

A
  1. Multifidus; and 2. Semispinalis
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12
Q

How big are and how many joints do the intermediate layer of the paraspinal muscles cross?

A

Slightly larger muscles which span 2-6 joints.

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13
Q

Intermediate layer of the paraspinal muscles: Multifidus

A

GL: POSTERIOR, BACK, DEEP (T.P. to S.P.)

O: Sacrum & transverse processes of L5-T1

I: Spinous processes of all vertebrae

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14
Q

Intermediate layer of the paraspinal muscles: Semispinalis

A

GL: POSTERIOR, BACK, DEEP

O: Transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae

I: Spinous processes from T4-C2, Occiptial bone between Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines

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15
Q

How many regions does Semispinalis have?

A

3 regions

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16
Q

What are the 3 regions of semispinalis?

A
  1. S. Capitis; 2. S. Cervicis; and 3. S. Thoracis

“Head, Neck and Torso”

S.N.L. down to S.P. T4; T.P. T1 down to T.P. T10

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17
Q

What is the only muscle on the sacrum?

A

Multifidis

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18
Q

How many superficial layer of paraspinal muscles?

A

3 muscles

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19
Q

What are the 3 superficial layer of paraspinal muscles?

A
  1. Spinalis; 2. Longissimus; and 3. Iliocostalis
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20
Q

What are the 3 superficial layer of paraspinal muscles collectively known as?

A

The Erector Spinae group.

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21
Q

How big are and how many joints do the superficial layer of the paraspinal muscles (aka the Erector Spinae) cross?

A

Longer muscles which span 8-10 joints.

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22
Q

What is the order of the Erector Spinae Group (from most lateral to most medial)?

A
  1. Iliocostalis; 2. Longissimus; and 3. Spinalis
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23
Q

What is the thoracolumbar aponeurosis?

A

A dense sheet of connective tissue which serves as an attachment for muscles of the low back and abdominal regions. It can be up to 1” thick.

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24
Q

Superficial layer of the paraspinal muscles/Erector Spinae Group: Iliocostalis

A

GL: POSTERIOR, BACK, DEEP

O: Bodies of ribs 12-3

I: All ribs, transverse processes of C7-C4

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25
Superficial layer of the paraspinal muscles/Erector Spinae Group: Longissimus
GL: POSTERIOR, BACK, DEEP O: Transverse processes of L5-C4 I: Transverse processes of all vertebrae from T12-C2, ribs and mastoid process
26
Superficial layer of the paraspinal muscles/Erector Spinae Group: Spinalis
GL: POSTERIOR, BACK, DEEP O: Spinous processes of upper lumbar and lower thoracic and spinous process of C7 I: Spinouis processes of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
27
What do the paraspinal muscles collectively act to do?
To hold bipeds upright against gravity.
28
What puts the paraspinal muscles in a constant state of stress?
They are always in a state of partial, sustained contraction to maintain and upright posture.
29
How many neck muscles?
6 muscles
30
What are the 6 neck muscles?
1. Anterior Scalenes; 2. Middle Scalenes; 3. Posterior Scalenes; 4. Splenius Capitis; 5. Splenius Cervisis; and 6. Sternocleidomastoid
31
Neck Muscles: Anterior Scalenes
GL: LATERAL, NECK, SUPERFICIAL O: Transverse processes of C3-C6 I: FIRST RIB
32
Neck Muscles: Middle Scalenes
GL: LATERAL, NECK, SUPERFICIAL O: Transverse processes of C2-C7 I: FIRST RIB
33
Neck Muscles: Posterior Scalenes
GL: LATERAL, NECK, SUPERFICIAL O: Transverse processes of C4-C6 I: SECOND RIB
34
Which scalene(s) insert on the 1st rib?
1. Anterior and Middle Scalenes
35
Which scalene(s) insert on the 2nd rib?
1. Posterior Scalenes
36
What is the brachial plexus?
A group of nerves emerging from the spinal cord to innervate the upper extremity.
37
Where does the brachial plexus run?
Between the anterior and middle scalenes.
38
What makes up the borders of the "Posterior Triangle"?
1. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM); 2. Upper Trapezius; and 3. Clavicle
39
How many muscles are located within the Posterior Triangle?
6 muscles
40
What 6 muscles are located within the Posterior Triangle (from superior to inferior)?
1. Semispinalis Capitis; 2. Splenius Capitis; 3. Levator Scapulae; 4. Posterior Scalenes; 5. Middle Scalenes; and 6. Anterior Scalenes
41
Neck Muscles: Splenius Capitis*
GL: Posterior, Neck, Intermediate O: Ligament of Nuchae, Spinous processes of C7-T3 I: Mastoid process and Superior Nuchal Line of the occipital bone
42
Major Ligament: Ligamentum Nuchae (Nuchal Ligament)
Runs from the External Occipital Protuberance (EOP) of the occipital bone to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebra T1. Attachment point for muscles.
43
Neck Muscles: Splenius Cervisis*
GL: Posterior, Neck, Intermediate O: Spinous processes of T3-T6 I: Transverse processes of C1-C3
44
Neck Muscles: Sternocleidomastoid*
GL: Anterior/Lateral, Neck, Superficial O: 1) Sternal head: Manubrium; 2) Clavicular head: Medial 1/3 of the clavicle I: Mastoid process, Superior Nuchal Line of the occipital bone
45
How many muscles of respiration?
3 muscles
46
What are the 3 muscles of respiration?
1. Diaphragm; 2. Internal Intercostals; and 3. External Intercostals
47
Respiration Muscles: Diaphragm*
GL: Between the Thoracic and Abdominal cavities, Deep O: Xiphoid Process, Costal cartilages of inferior 6 ribs and upper 3 lumbar vertebrae I: Central tendon
48
What function does the diaphragm perform?
It creates a seal between the thoracic and abdominal regions.
49
What function does the central tendon perform?
It pulls down on the lungs to aid in inhalation
50
Respiration Muscles: Internal Intercostals
GL: ANTERIOR/LATERAL/POSTERIOR, RIBS, DEEP O: Lower rib I: Upper rib
51
Respiration Muscles: External Intercostals
GL: ANTERIOR/LATERAL/POSTERIOR, RIBS, DEEP O: Upper rib I: Lower rib
52
How many abdominal muscles?
4 muscles
53
What are the 4 abdominal muscles?
1. Transverse Abdominis; 2. Rectus Abdominis; 3. Internal Oblique; and 4. External Oblique
54
Abdominal Muscles: Transverse Abdominis
GL: ANTERIOR, ABDOMINAL, DEEP O: Interior surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and 1/3 of the inguinal ligament I: Linea alba via the aponeurosis of internal obliques, pubic crest and conjoint tendon
55
Abdominal Muscles: Rectus Abdominis*
GL: Anterior, Abdominal, Superficial O: Xiphoid process and 5th-7th costal cartilages I: Pubic symphysis and pubic crest of the pubis bone
56
Abdominal Muscles: Internal Oblique
GL: ANTERIOR, ABDOMINAL, INTERMEDIATE O: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest and lateral 1/2 of the inguinal ligament I: Ribs 10-12, Linea Alba and Pubis
57
Abdominal Muscles: External Oblique
GL: ANTERIOR, ABDOMINAL, SUPERFICIAL O: Exterior surfaces of 5th-12th ribs I: Linea alba and iliac crest of the ilium
58
What muscle is the "6 pack"?
Rectus Abdominis
59
Ligament: Linea Alba
Runs from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubis. Attachment site for abdominal muscle.
60
Major Ligament: Inguinal Ligament
Runs from the coxal's ASIS (ilium) to the pubic symphysis (pubis). Attachment site for abdominal muscle. Forms the roof of the femoral triangle. Also, lymph nodes are located here. Precautionary area for massage therapy.
61
Which direction do the muscle fibers run for internal oblique?
///// \\\\\ "Hands in opposite pockets"
62
Which direction do the muscle fibers run for external oblique?
\\\\\ ///// "Hands in pockets"
63
How many pectoral and scapula muscles?
8 muscles
64
What are the 8 pectoral and scapula muscles?
1. Serratus Anterior; 2. Rhomboid Minor; 3. Rhomboid Major; 4. Levator Scapulae; 5. Trapezius; 6. Latissimus Dorsi; 7. Pectoralis Minor; and 8. Pectoralis Major
65
Pectoral & Scapula Muscles: Serratus Anterior*
GL: Lateral, Chest wall, Superficial O: Lateral parts of ribs 1-8 I: Medial border of the scapula
66
Pectoral & Scapula Muscles: Rhomboid Minor*
GL: Posterior, Midback, Intermediate O: Ligament of Nuchae and Spinous processes of C7 and T1 I: Root of the spine of the scapula
67
Pectoral & Scapula Muscles: Rhomboid Major*
GL: Posterior, Midback, Intermediate O: Spinous processes of T2-T5 I: Medial border of the scapula from spine to inferior angle
68
Pectoral & Scapula Muscles: Levator Scapulae*
GL: Posterior, Neck/Shoulder, Intermediate O: Transverse processes of C1-C4 I: Medial border (superior part) and superior angle of the scapula
69
Pectoral & Scapula Muscles: Trapezius*
GL: Posterior, Neck/Back, Superficial O: Superior Nuchal Line, EOP, Ligament of Nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T12 I: Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula
70
Pectoral & Scapula Muscles: Latissimus Dorsi*
GL: Posterior, Back, Superficial O: Spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs I: Floor of the bicipital (intertubercular) groove of the humerus
71
Pectoral & Scapula Muscles: Pectoralis Minor
GL: ANTERIOR, CHEST, DEEP O: Third, 4th and 5th ribs I: Coracoid process of the scapula
72
Pectoral & Scapula Muscles: Pectoralis Major*
GL: Anterior, Chest, Superficial O: 1) Clavicular head: Medial 1/2 of the clavicle; 2) Sternocostal head: Sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages I: Lateral lip of bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus
73
What runs through the tarsal tunnel alongside Tom, Dick and Harry?
Tibial branch of the sciatic nerve
74
What is the sciatic nerve made up of?
Spinal nerves L4 through S3.Largest nerve in the body. Serves flutes, posterior thigh and entire leg. It branches just above the popliteal region into the tibial and common fibular nerves.
75
What is sciatica?
Impingement of the sciatic nerve by soft tissue or bone. Occurs in the lower lumbar/upper sacral regions. Causes tingling, numbness, pain and eventual loss of use of the lower extremity.
76
What is piriformis syndrome?
Impingement of the sciatic nerve through the greater sciatic notch by the piriformis muscle. Causes symptoms similar to sciatica.
77
What is the 1 nerve involved in the Carpal Tunnel?
The median nerve. It is one nerve that is part of the Brachial Plexus group. It travels down the medial arm. Runs anterior to the medial epicondyle of the Humerus. It runs down the anterior forearm and through the carpal tunnel. It serves digits 1, 2, 3 and part of 4.
78
What is the Brachial Plexus?
Consists of spinal nerves C5 through T1.
79
What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS?)
Through repetitive use of the flexors, inflammation develops within the carpal tunnel. This impinges the medial nerve which results in tingling, numbness, pain and eventual loss of use of the lateral hand (digits 1, 2, 3 and part of 4).
80
How many Deep Lateral Rotators of the Hip muscles?
"6 muscles" "The Deep Six""
81
"What is the mnemonic for ""the deep six""?"
Piece Goods Often Go On Quilts or P-GO-GO-Q
82
What are the 6 Deep Lateral Rotators of the Hip muscles?
``` P - Piriformis G - Gemellus Superior O - Obturator Internus G - Gemellus Inferior O - Obturator Externus Q - Quadratus Femoris ```
83
Deep Lateral Rotators of the Hip: Piriformis*
GL: Posterior, Buttocks, Deep O: Anterior surface of the Sacrum I: Greater trochanter of the Femur
84
Deep Lateral Rotators of the Hip: Gemellus Superior
GL: POSTERIOR, BUTTOCKS, DEEP O: Ischial spine of the Ischium I: Greater trochanter of the Femur (medial surface)
85
Deep Lateral Rotators of the Hip: Obturator Internus
GL: POSTERIOR, BUTTOCKS, DEEP O: Obturator membrane and surrounding bone I: Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the Femur
86
Deep Lateral Rotators of the Hip: Gemellus Inferior
GL: POSTERIOR, BUTTOCKS, DEEP O: Ischial tuberosity of the Ischium I: Greater trochanter of the Femur (medial surface)
87
Deep Lateral Rotators of the Hip: Obturator Externus
GL: POSTERIOR, BUTTOCKS, DEEP O: Margins of the Obturator Foramen of the Pubis and Ischium
88
Deep Lateral Rotators of the Hip: Quadratus Femoris
GL: POSTERIOR, BUTTOCKS, DEEP O: Ischial tuberosity of the Ischium I: Quadrate tubercle of the Femur
89
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
1. Supraspinatus; 2. Infraspinatus; 3. Teres Minor; and 4. Subscapularis "SITS"
90
Rotator Cuff Muscle: Supraspinatus*
General Location: Posterior, Shoulder, Deep Origin: Supraspinous fossa of the Scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of the Humerus (Superior facet)
91
Rotator Cuff Muscle: Infraspinatus*
General Location: Posterior, Shoulder, Superficial Origin: Infraspinous fossa of the Scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of the Humerus (Middle facet)
92
Rotator Cuff Muscle: Teres Minor*
General Location: Posterior, Axilla, Superficial Origin: Superior 1/2 of the Lateral border of the Scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of the Humerus (Inferior facet)
93
Rotator Cuff Muscle: Subscapularis*
General Location: Anterior, Scapula, Deep Origin: Subscapular fossa of the Scapula Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the Humerus
94
What 4 anterior thigh muscles make up the quadriceps?
1. Vastus Intermedius; 2. Vastus Medialis; 3. Vastus Lateralis; and 4. Rectus Femoris
95
What 1 anterior thigh muscle is not part of the quadriceps?
1. Sartorius
96
Anterior Comp. of the Thigh/Quadriceps: Vastus Intermedius*
GL: Anterior, Thigh, Deep O: Anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the Femur I: Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patella ligament
97
Anterior Comp. of the Thigh/Quadriceps: Vastus Medialis*
GL: Anterior/medial, Thigh, Superficial O: Linea Aspera of the Femur I: Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patella ligament
98
Anterior Comp. of the Thigh/Quadriceps: Vastus Lateralis*
GL: Anterior/lateral, Thigh, Superficial O: Greater trochanter and Linea Aspera of the Femur I: Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patella ligament
99
Anterior Comp. of the Thigh/Quadriceps: Rectus Femoris*
GL: Anterior, Thigh, Superficial O: AIIS of the Ilium I: Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patella ligament
100
What is the common quadricep tendon?
Patella ligament
101
Major Ligament: Patellar Ligament
Runs from the patella to the tibial tuberosity. Distal attachment for quadriceps.
102
What are the 3 muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
1. Semimembranosus; 2. Semiteninosus; and 3. Biceps Femoris
103
Posterior Comp. of the Thigh/Hamstrings: Semimembranosus*
GL: Posterior, Thigh, Deep O: Ischial tuberosity of the Ischium I: Posterior aspect of the Medial condyle of the Tibia
104
Posterior Comp. of the Thigh/Hamstrings: Semitendinosus*
GL: Posterior, Thigh, Superficial O: Ischial tuberosity of the Ischium I: Medial condyle of the Tibia (part of Pes Anserinus)
105
Posterior Comp. of the Thigh/Hamstrings: Biceps Femoris*
GL: Posterior, Thigh, Superficial O: 1) Long Head: Ischial tuberosity of the Ischium; 2) Short Head: Linea Aspera of the Femur I: Head of the Fibula
106
What are the 5 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
1. Pectineus; 2. Adductor Brevis; 3. Adductor Longus; 4. Adductor Magnus; and 5. Gracilis
107
Medial Comp. of the Thigh: Pectineus
GL: MEDIAL, THIGH, INTERMEDIATE O: Superior Ramus of the Pubis I: Pectineal line of the Femur
108
Medial Comp. of the Thigh: Adductor Brevis
GL: MEDIAL, THIGH, INTERMEDIATE O: Inferior ramus of the Pubis I: Pectineal line and Proximal part of the Linea Aspera of the Femur
109
Medial Comp. of the Thigh: Adductor Longus
GL: MEDIAL, THIGH, INTERMEDIATE O: Pubic Tubercle of the Pubis I: Linea Aspera of the Femur
110
Medial Comp. of the Thigh: Adductor Magnus*
GL: Medial, Thigh, Intermediate O: Pubis, Ischium and Ischial tuberosity I: Gluteal tuberosity, Linea Aspera and Adductor tubercle of the Femur
111
Medial Comp. of the Thigh: Gracilis*
GL: Medial, Thigh, Superficial O: Inferior Ramus of the Pubis I: Medial condyle of the Tibia (part of Pes Anserinus)

Bancroft: AP1 (10 decks)

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