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World Civ 1 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Herodotus

A

Historian of the Persian Wars

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2
Q

Thucydides

A

Historian of the Peloponnesian Wars

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3
Q

Persian Wars

A

Ionian Rebellion supported by Athenians
The Battle of Marathon & Darius
The Great Invasion of Xerxes (Thermopylae & Salamis)

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4
Q

Peloponnesian Wars

A

Delian League vs. Spartan League
Athenians support attack of Sicily & Spartans ally w/ Persians
Athenian Navy destroyed & Spartan victory

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5
Q

Eratosthenes

A

Librarian at Alexandria

Calculated circumference of the world

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6
Q

Euclid

A

Wrote elements of Geography

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7
Q

Homer’s Illiad & Odyssey

A

Depicts life in the “Middle Age”

Virtues- “Arete” (Courage) & “Agon” (Struggle)

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8
Q

Minoans

A

Crete- 1650 BC

Knossos Palace

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9
Q

Myceneans

A

Greek Peninsula

Peak of Power- 1400-1200 BC

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10
Q

Athenian Women

A

Roles: produce good male heirs & run the household

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11
Q

Ancient Greek Religion

A

Polytheistic, temples, sacrifices, altars, The Fates, The Olympics
The Oracle of Delphi- Know thyself & nothing in excess
No sacred books or ethical conduct demanded

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12
Q

Heraclitus

A

“All is motion”

Logos- word/speech/reason

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13
Q

Archimedes

A

Mathematician & inventor

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14
Q

Anaxagoras

A

Distinguished between mind & matter

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15
Q

Sparta

A 
Conquered Messenians (Helots)
2 Kings, council of elders, assembly
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16
Q

Athens

A

Aristocratic Republic

Democracy

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17
Q

Lycurgus

A

Established militaristic society in Sparta

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18
Q

Clisthenes

A

Founder of democracy

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19
Q

Democritus

A

Atomic Theory

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20
Q

Pericles

A

Central leader of Athens

Expanded democracy & built classical Athens

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21
Q

Socrates

A

Dialogue method of teaching
Questioned Athen’s authority
Convicted of corrupting youth

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22
Q

Plato

A

Socrates’ student
Founded The Academy
Education is the basis of intelligent & ethical life
Realm of Forms- recollection of knowledge
The Republic- all powerful ring that corrupts

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23
Q

Aristotle

A

Knowledge obtained via sense-experience
Moderation in all things
Founded Lyceum
Logic- basis for scientific inquiry into numerous fields

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24
Q

Philip II of Macedon

A

Defeated Theban-Athenian Army

Father of Alexander the Great

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25
Alexander the Great
King at 20 Aristotle's student Ended Persian Empire Conquered to N. India & Afghanistan
26
Selecus, Antigone, Ptolemy
Generals of Alexander Ptolemy- Egypt Seleucus- Western Asia to India Antigonus- Macedonia
27
Zeno (Stoicism)
Happiness- life of virtue according to natural law Passion- source of misery World- single, large polis
28
Epicurus
Naturalistic view of the universe Pleasure- absence of physical & emotional pain Religion is useless
29
Romulus & Remus
Mythological founders of Rome | Raised by wolves
30
Etruscans
Kings that ruled over Rome
31
Founding of Roman Republic
Constant warfare with surrounding groups
32
Celts sack Rome
390 BC Causes reorganization of Roman army Latium is secured & Samnites are defeated
33
Offices of Roman Republic
2 Consuls: Imperium- 1 year term Quaestors- financial officers Praetors- judicial office Censor- classed citizens
34
Patricians
Descendants of original Senators
35
Plebeians
Small landowners, farmers, merchants, poor
36
Nobiles
New senatorial aristocracy through intermarriage of Plebeians & Patrictians
37
Twelve Tables
First written record of Roman law
38
Punic Wars
1st- Rome vs. Carthage over Sicily: Roman navy ensures victory 2nd- Rome vs. Carthage over Spain: Hannibal vs. Scipio Africanus 3rd- Carthage is destroyed
39
Hannibal & Scipio Africanus
2nd Punic War Battle of Cannae- 80,000 Roman casualties (worst defeat) Scipio Africanus fights in N. Africa, & defeats Hannibal at Zama
40
Greek Influence on Roman Education
Greek language & literature Humanitas- grammar, rhetoric, & philosophy Upper class girls receive elementary education
41
Latifundia
Peasant soldiers sold land to larger landowners
42
The Gracchus Brothers
Tiberius Gracchus- Elected tribune in 133 BC & redistributed land to the poor Assassinated along with 300 supporters by the Senators Gaius Gracchus- politician championing cheap grain for urban poor & citizenship for all Italians Assassinated along with 3,000 supporters by the Senators
43
Jurguthine War & Gaius Marius
Gaius Marius recruited army to fight in N. Africa | Soldiers loyal to general, not Senate
44
Lucius Sulla
Emerged as dictator during Jurguthine War Elected consul in 88 BC Retied in 79 BC
45
First Triumvirate
Pompey, Crassus, & Julius Caesar Caesar leads armies into Spain and conquers Gaul Crassus dies & civil war erupts between Pompey & Caesar
46
Julius Caesar
Caesar wins & is elected dictator in 45 BC Citizenship granted to provincials Colonized Gaul, Spain, & N. Africa w/ Roman jobless poor Assassinated by Senators
47
The Second Triumvirate
Marc Antony, Octavian, & Lepidus | Systematic assassinations of conspirators
48
Marc Antony
Part of The Second Triumvirate | Relationship w/ Cleopatra
49
Octavian (Caesar Augustus)
Fought against Marc Antony (Battle of Actium) | Permanent consul & magistrate
50
Cicero
Senator, orator, lawyer | Opposed Julius Caesar
51
Ovid
The Art of Love
52
Virgil
Aeneid- epic poem on journey to Aeneas to Italy
53
Livy
Wrote a history of the Roman republic
54
Horace
Odes to Augustus & celebrated victory over Marc Antony
55
Teutoburger Forest
Germanic tribes kill 20,000 Roman soldiers
56
Jesus of Nazareth
God
57
Paul the Apostle
Spread Christianity
58
Pilate
Ruler of Judea
59
Nero
Last of Judio-Claudians Persecuted Christians Had own mother killed; genuinely insane
60
Vespasian Dynasty
Flavian Dynasty | Roman Colosseum
61
Five Good Emperors
Period of prosperity
62
Marcus Aurelius
Last of the Great Emperors | Persecuted Christians
63
Hadrian
One of the Great Emperors | Separated civil & military administration
64
Colosseum
Event center for Roman cities | Featured gladiator battles
65
Diocletian
Reorganized empire into East & West Tetrarchy Persecution of Christians
66
Constantine
Built Constantinople as new capital | Battle of Milvian Bridge & The Conversion (Chi Rho)
67
Edict of Milan
Legalized Christianity & forbade persecution
68
Council of Nicea
Arianism & The New Creed
69
Julian the Apostate
Attempted to restore pagan worship to Roman Empire
70
Eusebius of Caesarea
Ecclesiastical History
71
Augustine of Hippo
Confessions- autobiographical story of conversion | City of God
72
Jerome
Vulgate- Latin translation of Bible
73
Ambrose
Christian Bishop of Milan | Excommunicated Theodosius
74
Theodosius
Made Christianity the official state religion
75
Adrianople
Gothic Victory over Roman Empire

World Civ 1 (4 decks)

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