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AtSc > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What does RADAR stand for?

A

Radio detection and ranging

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1
Q

Reasons for incorrect radar coverage

A

Changes in elevation

Turbines

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2
Q

How do radars work?

A 
Transmits radio (electromagnetic) waves 
Microwaves
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3
Q

What does radar measure

A

Power of returning signal
Position
Aggregate motion
Velocity structure

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4
Q

Target

A

Object that scatters the light

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5
Q

Echo

A

Energy reflected back to the radar

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6
Q

What can affect the echo strength

A

Size of targets
Number of targets
Composition of targets
Distance to targets

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7
Q

How much does the size of the target reflect back

A

X^6

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8
Q

How can you tell if your echo is from a lot of little particles or a few big ones?

A

You can’t

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9
Q

List of most reflective to least reflective materials

A 
Wet hail
Rain
Wet snow
Dry hail
Dry snow
Ice crystals
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10
Q

Radar reflectivity

A

Function of amount of energy reflected

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11
Q

What is radar reflectivity measured in?

A

dBZ

=10log(z)

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12
Q

Doppler radar

A

Determines shift of transmitted wave

Able to measure radial velocity

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13
Q

Bkn ci

A

Broken cirrus

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14
Q

850 mb

A

5000 ft

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15
Q

700 mb

A

10000 ft

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16
Q

500 mb

A

18000 ft

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17
Q

300 mb

A

30000 ft

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18
Q

250 mb

A

34000 ft

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19
Q

200 mb

A

39000 ft

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20
Q

What product will provide cloud top forecast information

A

Area forecast

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21
Q

Scattered

A

25-50%

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22
Q

Widely scattered

A

Less than 25%

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23
Q

Isolated

A

More than 50%

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24
Q

How long is an area forecast?

A

12 hours

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25
Q

What is outlook after AF?

A

The 6 hours past the 12 hours it is originally forecasting

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26
Q

Red solid line

A

IFR

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27
Q

Wavy blue line

A

Marginal
1000-3000 ft ceiling
And or
Vis 3-5 mi

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28
Q

Dotted orange line

A

Moderate or greater turbulence

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29
Q

Dotted teal line

A

Freezing level

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30
Q

What do the xxx month bottom of the numbers of a prog chart

A

Bottoms below 25,000

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31
Q

Tropical storm

A

Hurricane sign without filled in circle

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32
Q

Tempo

A

Less than 1/2 the time

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33
Q

Everything in the taf is

A

More than 50% unless it says prob

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34
Q

Do clouds have a high or low albedo

A

High

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35
Q

Doppler radar

A

Able to determine the freq of transmitted waves

Able to measure radial velocity

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36
Q

What does Doppler radar measure

A

Measures freq distribution called spectrum width

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37
Q

What are wind phenomena decidable by Doppler radar?

A 
Environmental winds
Upper air winds 
Microbursts 
Gust fronts
Turbulence
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38
Q

What is plan position indicator?

A

For a particular radar elevation

Displays azimuth, range, and echo intensity

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39
Q

Range height indicator

A

For a particular radar azimuth

Displays range, height, echo, intensity

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40
Q

What does ground based radar detect?

A

Precipitation

Not clouds

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41
Q

What produces the strongest radar echo?

A

Hail

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42
Q

What produces the weakest echo?

A

Light snow

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43
Q

ASR-9

A

Airport surveillance radar which adds enhanced weather detection capability to pre exist atc radar

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44
Q

What is radar imagery?

A

Graphical displays of precipitation and nonprecip targets

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45
Q

Clean air mode

A 
Slowest antenna rotation
Most sensitive 
Longer sampling 
Detect smaller objects
Longer to update radar image
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46
Q

Clean air mode radar detects

A

Light precip
Dust
Particulate matter

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47
Q

Precipitation mode

A

Rotates faster when precipitation present

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48
Q

> 30 dBZ

A

Light

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49
Q

30-40 dBZ

A

Moderate

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50
Q

> 40-59 dBZ

A

Heavy

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51
Q

> 50 dBZ

A

Extreme

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52
Q

<15 dBZ

A 
Snow 
Clouds
Dust
Insects
Pollen
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53
Q

Base reflectivity

A

Display location and intensity of reflectivity data
Lowest tilt angle
Max range 124
Long range 248

54
Q

Limitations of base reflectivity

A

Beam overshoot

Contamination by ground clutter, beam blockage

55
Q

What is composite reflectivity

A

Maximum reflectivity decked within a column of the atmosphere above a location
Determine vertical structure of precip

56
Q

Limitations of composite reflectivity

A

Beam overshoot and contamination

57
Q

Radar mosaic

A

Multiple single site radar images combined to produce a radar image over a region

58
Q

Which product gives actual flight conditions

A

Pirep

59
Q

How often is Pirep

A

Nonscheduled and voluntary

60
Q

Atc must solicit pirep when

A 
Ceiling below 5000
Vis at or below 5
Thunderstorms 
Light icing or greater
Moderate turbulence or greater
Wide shear
Volcanic ash
61
Q

Pirep elements

A 
Message type
Location
Time
Altitude 
Type aircraft
Sky condition
Flight vis and weather
Air temp
Wind
Turbulence
Icing
Remarks
62
Q

Urgent pirep

A 
Tornadoes
Funnel clouds
Waterspouts 
Severe or extreme turbulence 
Severe icing 
Hail
Low level wind shear 
Volcanic ash clouds
63
Q

FLUKN

A

Flight level unknown

64
Q

DURC

A

During climb

65
Q

DURD

A

During descent

66
Q

Unrestricted vis

A

FV99 SM

67
Q

Ocnl

A

Occasional less than 1/3 of time

68
Q

Int

A

Intermittent

1/3 to 2/3

69
Q

Cont

A

Continuous

More than 2/3

70
Q

Light turbulence

A

Momentarily causes slight erratic changes in altitude and or attitude
Occupants may feel slight strain
Walking difficult

71
Q

Moderate turb

A

Greater changes in altitude and or attitude occur but aircraft remain in positive control

72
Q

Severe turb

A

Causes large abrupt changes in altitude and or attitude
Large variations in speeds
Momentarily out of control

73
Q

Extreme turb

A

Aircraft is violently tossed about and is practically impossible to control
May cause structural damage

74
Q

Chop

A

Rhythmic bumpiness or jolts

Light or moderate

75
Q

Clear air turbulence

A

High level turbulence

76
Q

Trace icing

A

Ice becomes perceptible

77
Q

Light

A

May create problem if flight is continued

Use de ice

78
Q

Moderate

A

Rate of accumulation is such that short encounters are bad

Need de icing

79
Q

Severe

A

Rate of accumulation that if deice doesn’t work problems will happen

80
Q

Rime

A

Rough, milky, opaque

81
Q

Clear or glaze

A

Glossy clear or translucent ice formed by slow freezing

82
Q

Mixed icing

A

Combo of both

83
Q

Automated reports

A

Aircraft meteorological data relay

84
Q

On station model where is temp dew point sea level pressure and pressure trend

A

Temp upper left
Dew pint lower left
Sea level pressure upper right
Trend lower right

85
Q

Drizzle

A

’’

86
Q

*]

A

Snow within last hour

87
Q

(.)

A

Rain vicinity

88
Q

Side ways s

A

Freezing rain

89
Q

Triangles with dot

A

Ice pelets

90
Q

Triangle below dot

A

Slight rain shower

91
Q

Putti angle under dot with line

A

Moderate or heavy rain

92
Q

Pressure trend

A

3 hour trend

Change in 10th of mb

93
Q

Isobars

A

Lines of constant pressure

Sea level pressure

94
Q

Trough

A

Extended region of relatively low pressure

95
Q

Ridge

A

Extended region of relatively high pressure

96
Q

How often winds aloft

A

4x

97
Q

Winds aloft true altitude

A

3000-12000

98
Q

Winds aloft pressure altitude

A

18000 and above

99
Q

Worms aloft direction

A

From true north

100
Q

9900

A

Light and variable

101
Q

High albedo

A

White

102
Q

Infrared

A

Colds are colder

103
Q

TAF

A

Terminal aerodrome forecast

104
Q

TAF good for

A

5 sm radius

105
Q

TAF times

A

24 hour forecast

Issued 4 times daily

106
Q

TAF AMD

A

Amended forecast

107
Q

What area is considered vicinity of airport

A

5-10 sm

108
Q

WS

A

Wind shear

109
Q

Tempo

A

Less than 1 hour at a time

Sum of fluctuations les than 1/2 the time period

110
Q

Taf probability

A

Greater than 50%

111
Q

Prob30

A

Probability 30

112
Q

AF times

A

3 times daily
Valid 18 hours
12 hour forecast
6 hour outlook

113
Q

AF 4 sections

A

Communication and product header
Precautionary statements
Synopsis
vFR coulda and weather

114
Q

Occasional in AF

A

Greater than 50% prob less than 1/2 forecast period

115
Q

Isol

A

Single cells

116
Q

Widely scattered

A

Less than 25%

117
Q

Scattered or areas

A

25-54%

118
Q

Numerous or widespread

A

55% or more

119
Q

CB

A

Cumulonimbus

120
Q

CI

A

Cirrus

121
Q

Prog chart prob

A

Precip coverage shaded more than 50%

Unshaded 30-50%

123
Q

Contrasting characteristics

A

Dashed grey lines

124
Q

Sever weather watches are displayed on which chart?

A

Radar summary

125
Q

Observations of cloud top heights are found in

A

PIREPs

126
Q

What type of altitude is used in PIREPs

A

MSL

127
Q

Which type of radar is C band Doppler radar funded by the FAA and is specifically designed to provide wind shear and microburst detection at airports with heavy traffic?

A

TDWR

128
Q

Ground based radar is used to detect areal coverage fog?

A

False

129
Q

Which is shown on a radar summary chart?

A

precipitation only

130
Q

What is freezing level?

A

an altitude at which the temperature =0

131
Q

Observed cloud heights can best be estimated from what product?

A

infrared satellite images

132
Q

what is albedo?

A

Percent of reflected sunlight

133
Q

At what point will be IFR be in the area forecast?

A

In the outlook

134
Q

Where troposphere heights?

A

In boxes

AtSc (7 decks)

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