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Flashcards in test 2 Deck (41)
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1
Q

Prescriptive Ritual?

A

Are rituals that are required to be performed

2
Q

Situational rituals?

A

A ritual that arises as needed, frequently in times of crisis.

3
Q

Crisis Ritual?

A

A ritual that arises spontaneously, frequently in times of crisis.

4
Q

Periodic Ritual?

A

Performed on a regular basis as part of a religious calendar. Performed daily, several times a day, weekly, yearly. Sunday mass, Easter, Passover, Ramadan.

5
Q

Calendrical ritual?

A

Performed on a regular basis as part of a religious calendar. Same as periodic ritual.

6
Q

Occasional Ritual?

A

A ritual that is performed when a particular need arises. Associated with nature to bring rain, associated with important events in a persons life.. Birth, marriage and death.

7
Q

Technological ritual?

A

Attempts to influence or control nature, especially in those situations that effect human activities and well being.

8
Q

Hunting and gathering- rite of intensification?

A

Function is to influence nature in quest for food. Include periodic rituals that follow seasons and occasional rituals performed in response to crisis such as lack of rain. - preparation of soil for planting- protection from elements & for harvest- to appease gods- belief that animals have souls and must be honored for gifts and sacrifices.

9
Q

Protective ritual?

A

A ritual that is performed at the start of or during a dangerous activity to protect the participants or the community against a disaster. - may be prescriptive

10
Q

Divination ritual?

A

Seek information, best time to plant or the best place to locate game or fish.

11
Q

Ideological ritual

A

A ritual that delineates codes of proper behavior, promotes community solidarity, articulates world view and assists in managing crisis. Facilitate orderly running of a society.

12
Q

Ethnobotany?

A

The anthropological study of medicinal plants. Use of plant material for healing.

13
Q

Therapy ritual?

A

Focuses on curing. Frequently discovered by means of divination.

14
Q

Anti-therapy ritual?

A

Bring about illness, accident, or death. Person responsible must be identified (through divination), stopped and punished. Can support community if directed toward an enemy.

15
Q

Cursing ritual?

A

An anti therapy ritual that involves reciting a curse to bring about illness & death. - voodoo - a sorcerer takes something connected to the victim, places it in a bundle, recites a spell, casts bundle into something else.. Mud, etc

16
Q

Salvation ritual?

A

Focus on religious experience of an individual. A ritual in which one is changed in some way, temporarily or permanently. - spirit possession

17
Q

Revitalization ritual?

A

Associated with revitalization movements. Focus on elimination of alien customs and a return to the native way of life. - involve participation of a divine savior in human flesh.

18
Q

Rites of passage?

A

Occurs when an individual changes status, serving to legitimize the new status and to imprint it on the community’s collective memory- ideological ritual - progression through life cycle -birth -coming of age -marriage -death -initiations into social groups( fraternity, religious or political)

19
Q

Status?

A

A social position that is defined in terms of appropriate behavior, rights & obligations, and its relationship to other statuses.- social position

20
Q

Rank?

A

The relative placement of a status in a society.

21
Q

Circumcision?

A

Procedure in which the foreskin is removed from the penis

22
Q

Structure of rite of passage?

A

SeparationTransitionIncorporation

23
Q

Separation?

A

The first phase of a rite of passage in which an individual is removed from his or her former status. - can be abrupt- sometimes happens over long period of time.

24
Q

Transition phase?

A

The second phase of a rite of passage during which a person is in a limited state & is moved from one status to another.

25
Q

Incorporation phase?

A

Final stage of a rite of passage in which the individual is reintroduced to the community in his or her new status.

26
Q

Liminality

A

A state of ambiguous marginality during which the metamorphosis takes place.

27
Q

Communitas?

A

A state characterized by a sense of equality, community & camaraderie by participating in a ritual as a group.

28
Q

Coming of age ritual?

A

Marks the transition from childhood to adulthood. - girls usually individual marked by getting period- boys are initiated as a group

29
Q

Female and male initiation ritual?

A

Girls marked by menarche(first period).Boys introduced as a group as an age set.

30
Q

Apache rite of passage?

A

-Periodic ritual held every July-Lasts 4 days, 4 days of creation-Girls are reincarnations of white painted woman-White painted woman, cycle of women’s lives.-girls wear costumes, sing, dance

31
Q

Secular rotes in U.S?

A

Basic military training has related coming- of-age rites characteristics as tribal societies. However, individuals return to the status they occupied before induction & undergo a period of readjustment during which they discard their military identity. Patient entering a hospital.

32
Q

Tattooing?

A

Serves as a mark of identity. To express dissatisfaction w/ social order & as a way to distance itself from mainstream society. Also have religios purpose when religious symbol or memorial are placed.

33
Q

Piercing?

A

Society matron pierces ears to wear fashionable jewelry. Rebellious child does a nose or eyebrow as symbolic act of rebellion. Youth from Amazon as part of coming of age ritual.

34
Q

Circumcision?

A

Removal of foreskin of the penis.

35
Q

Subincision

A

Underside of penis is cut and urethra slit open. Length of slit varies.

36
Q

Infibulation?

A

Extreme form of female genital cutting including excision of the clitoris, labia minora and most of the labia majora.

37
Q

Pharaonic infibulation?

A

Entire removal of clitoris, labia minora & majora. The remnants are sewed together leaving a small opening for urination and passing of menstrual blood.

38
Q

Pilgrimages?

A

A journey to a sacred place or a sequence of sacred spaces at which rituals are performed. Purpose of a pilgrimage may be to seek a supernatural cure for an illness. Can be seen as a rite of passage. May include the three phases.. Separation, Liminal and transition .

39
Q

Tabu?

A

Something that’s off limits.Objects & persons that are supernaturally prohibited. May also refer to certain behaviors that would bring about negative consequences through supernatural means.

40
Q

Mana?

A

An impersonal supernatural force found in the landscape, particular objects and in certain people. Can be used for some purpose.

41
Q

Ritual

A

A patterned, recurring sequence of events or behaviors.