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Flashcards in Test 2 Deck (28)
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1
Q

Protic solvents

A

consist of molecules that can act as hydrogen-bond donors

2
Q

Polar solvents

A

polar molecules, have high dielectric constant

3
Q

Donor solvents

A

molecules that can donate unshared electron pairs-that is molecules that can act as lewis bases. (not nucleophiles bc don’t form bond with)

4
Q

Hydrogen bonds occur when a hydrogen can be put btwn ____

A

oxygens, nitrogens, halogens

5
Q

Hexane

A

apolar, aprotic, nondonor

6
Q

THF

A

apolar, aprotic, donor and dissolves H2O

7
Q

Acetic acid (C2H4O2)

A

apolar, protic, donor

8
Q

Acetone (C3H6O)

A

polar, aprotic, donor

9
Q

H2O

A

polar, protic, donor

10
Q

Alkyl Halide

A

Halogen bonded to the carbon of an alkyl group

11
Q

Alcohol

A

a hydroxy group (-OH) is bonded to the carbon of an alkyl group

12
Q

Thiols (Mercaptans)

A

a sulfahydryl group (-SH also called mercapto group) is bonded to an alkyl group

13
Q

Ether

A

an oxygen is bonded to two carbons groups

14
Q

Sulfide (thioether)

A

a sulfur bonded to two carbon groups

15
Q

Glycols

A

compounds that contain two or more hydroxy (-OH) groups on adjacent carbons

16
Q

Common nomenclature: Alkyl Halides

A
  • name of alkyl group followed by name of halide
    ex: CH3CH2-Cl = ethyl cholride
17
Q

Common nomenclature: Alcohols and Thiols

A

Common name derived by specifying the alkyl group that is attached to the -OH or -SH group then adding the word alcohol or mercaptan

18
Q

Common nomenclature: Ethers and Sulfides

A

-cite the two groups attached to the Oxygen or Sulfur in alphabetical order and follow with the word ether (for O) or sulfide (for S)

19
Q

Oxirane (ethylene oxide)

A

-parent compound to a special class of heterocyclic ethers called epoxides

20
Q

Isomers

A

have the same molecular formula

21
Q

Stereoisomers

A
  1. same molecular formula
  2. same atomic connectivity
22
Q

constitutional isomers

A
  1. same molecular formula
  2. different atomic connectivity
23
Q

enantiomers

A
  1. same molecular formula
  2. same atomic connectivity
  3. noncongruent mirror images
24
Q

diastereomers

A
  1. same molecular formula
  2. same atomic connectivity
  3. not mirror images
25
Q

Meso compounds

A
  1. same molecular formula
  2. same atomic connectivity
  3. congruent mirror images (internal plane of symmetry)
26
Q

Conformational stereoisomers

A

In chemistry, conformational isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism in which the isomerscan be interconverted exclusively by rotations about formally single bonds

27
Q

Naming: spirocyclic compounds

A

spira-[#Cs in ring 1. # Cs in ring two]-total carbons-ane

28
Q

Naming: bicyclic compounds

A

Fused: bicylco[# Cs ring 1. # Cs ring 2. 0]-total Cs-ane

Bridged: bicylco[# Cs ring 1. # Cs ring 2. # Cs in bridge]-total Cs-ane