Test 2

Question 1

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 1

He helped write the constitution. He is on the two dollar bill. Vice president to John Adams He was the third president of the United States of America. He took the constitution very seriously but contradicted his view point by buying Louisiana. He was a scholar he lived at his house Monticello. He had a child by his slave, Sally Hemmings.

Question 2

Deism

Answer 2

The belief of a creator who created the universe but does not interfere with it. Intellectuals in the 18th century such as Thomas Jefferson’s idea of religion.

Question 3

July 14, 1776

Answer 3

The day that the constitution was signed

Question 4

George Washington

Answer 4

Commander in Chief, First president, and presided over the Continental Congress. He served for five year (two terms) ;thus, setting the precedent for the serving time for future presidents.

Question 5

John Adams

Answer 5

First vice president and the second president. Thomas Jefferson was his vice president.

Question 6

John Jay

Answer 6

First Supreme court justice and wrote the Federalist papers. Negotiated Jay’s Treaty in 1794 that sought to settle issues between America and Britain since Independence

Question 7

Articles of Confederation

Answer 7

First government of the United States a loose confederation of states. The United States was afraid to give too much power to the central government. The central government had little to no power. For example, the central government could not force states to pay taxes. It was not effective.

Question 8

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Answer 8

Established that the Northwest should be surveyed and separated into townships. Land deeds such as (640 acre homesteads) were sold. It created a grid over the map saved section 16 for education. A school was either on section 16 or the profits from the section 16 would go to the school.

Question 9

The Louisiana Purchase

Answer 9

Napoleon sold Louisiana to Thomas Jefferson for 15 million in 1803 The U.S. had offered to buy New Orleans for 10 million. The U.S. had to guarantee exclusive commercial privileges to France in the port of New Orleans and incorporate the residents of Louisiana into the Union with the same privileges and rights as other citizens. The boundaries were not clear. The Louisiana territory started from the Mississippi River in the east to the Rocky Mountains in the west and from the Gulf of Mexico in the south to the Canada border in the north.

Question 10

Lewis, Clark, and Sacajewia

Answer 10

Lewis and Clark were employed by Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana purchase. While on their journey they found plants and animals that they had never heard of. A native named Sacajewia served as a guide for them on their journey.

Question 11

Zeboulin Pike

Answer 11

An explorer in the west. He was a Leutenant. He founded Pike’s Peak in the Summer of 1806. He failed to climb it but the peak was given his name.

Question 12

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 12

He was a statesman. First treasurer of the United States. He is on the ten dollar bill. After the war, he wanted to recover the nations debt and he formed a plan that involved a national bank and taxes. He had a huge part in establishing the Bank of the United States. He dies in a duel with Vice president Aaron Burr.

Question 13

Washington’s farewell address

Answer 13

Written in 1797 a long letter composed in partly by Hamilton and published in a Philadelphia newsletter. It set the precedent for 10 years or two terms of presidency. It warned the United States of foreign Entanglement and political parties.

Question 14

Educational opportunites

Answer 14

Only the rich could obtain a college education. The first universities were formed in order to teach ministers. The average person could get a one room house education up until the eighth grade. A good education for an average person included learning to read, write. and basic arithmetic.

Question 15

Federalism

Answer 15

Federalists argued for a stronger central government. It can be defined as the sharing of power between national and state governments. The different governments have certain areas where their jurisdiction reaches. For example, a state government would only have jurisdiction over the state and not the whole country.

Question 16

Checks and Balances

Answer 16

The checks and balances system made sure that no one branch of government had to much political power. This is guaranteed by the constitution that each branch of government has some measure of influence over the other branches and can choose to block procedures of the other branches

Question 17

Separation of powers

Answer 17

This principle states that the executive, judiciary, and legislative powers of government should be divided into branches and not concentrated in one. It provides the system of shared power known as Checks and Balances

Question 18

Executive branch

Answer 18

The president (executes the laws)

Question 19

The legislative branch

Answer 19

the House of Representatives and the Senate (makes the laws)

Question 20

The judicial branch

Answer 20

the Supreme Court (interprets the laws)

Question 21

Bicameral

Answer 21

A two house system of legislation. The House of Representatives and the Senate

Question 22

Veto

Answer 22

a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law making body. The president can veto la law but the Legislative branch can override a veto if Congress votes and two thirds of the vote are for the law

Question 23

Conference Committee

Answer 23

A conference committee must be called if the Bill that the House of Representatives and the Senate is not the same due to amendments. The committee is appointed to settle the disagreements on the bill. Once the bill is negotiated then the House and the Senate must vote on it again.

Question 24

Judicial review

Answer 24

Judicial review gives the Supreme Court the right to only look at cases that involve major constitutional issues

Question 25

Marbury v Madison

Answer 25

1803. It established the principle of judicial review.

Question 26

Plessy v Ferguson 1896

Answer 26

The Supreme court ruled that separate could be equal. The case involved segregation in railroad cars.

Question 27

Brown v the board of education 1954

Answer 27

The Supreme court ruled that separate could not be equal. This case had to do with segregation of schools.

Question 28

Gideon v Wainwright

Answer 28

Gideon could not afford a lawyer so he tried to defend himself. This case established the right of attorney. If you cannot afford a layer then the court will appoint you a lawyer

Question 29

Miranda v Arizona

Answer 29

1966 The Supreme court ruled that criminal suspects must be informed of their constitutional rights prior to police questioning. (attorney and against self incrimination.)

Question 30

Roe v Wade

Answer 30

1973-Supreme Court ruled that abortion would be legal

Question 31

The number of Senators

Answer 31

There are 2 senators for each state because the representation must be equal for each state

Question 32

The number of Representatives

Answer 32

There are 435 representatives because representation in the house of representatives is base off of how big the state is

Question 33

The Great Compromise

Answer 33

1787- Combined the New Jersey plan (small state plan) and the Virginia plan (large state plan) The small states wanted equal representation for each state in legislation but the Large states wanted representation to be based off of size. The compromise established that the Senate would have equal representation per state but the House of Representatives would have representation from each state based on the size of the state.

Question 34

Amendments of the Constitution

Answer 34

The constitution was amended a total of 27 times and the first ten were the Bill of Rights. 13 ends slavery, 14 makes the former states citizens, 15 gives the former slaves the right to vote, and the 16th is income tax.

Question 35

The Capital City Compromise

Answer 35

In 1790 Alexander Hamilton on one side and Thomas Jefferson and James Madison made the compromise that the national government could take over and pay the states debts but the national capital would be moved to Washington D.C. which is closer to the south.

Question 36

Household Economy

Answer 36

Farms had to produce almost all items needed to survive and prosper. Things that may have been needed from the general store were coffee, sugar, and face soap.

Question 37

foods

Answer 37

People had to produce their own food through farming and keeping livestock. Farmers ate seasonal vegetables from their gardens and salted meat. The meat was salted in order to preserve it. Vegetables could be preserved by canning or pickling. Food could also be preserved by drying. Homemade biscuits were a staple in the American diet.

Question 38

chores

Answer 38

People had to get up early in the morning to start daily chores such as milking cows and gathering eggs from hens. Most chores during this time period were delegated through gender. Women would cook, clean, sew, and do chores on the farm. It depended on how poor the family was and whether or not they had enough help on if the women would do a lot of work in the fields. Men would do more of the heavy labor such as chopping lumber, plowing the fields, and house building.

Question 39

Living Arrangements

Answer 39

Farmers lived on their farms in simple houses unless they were plantation owners ;but, people in the city had to find other living arrangements. Apartment buildings were more common in the Northern cities and factory workers often lived in apartment buildings provided by the company they were working for. However, the payment for the apartments provided by the company often came from the worker’s paycheck and companies would keep the boarding price high in order to force the workers to stay.

Question 40

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 40

He was a statesman before the war. He was a scholar and is on the one hundred dollar bill. He was a founding father of the United States. He was an inventor. He invented the stove, electricity, and bifocals. He established the first volunteer fire department and the first circulatory library.

Question 41

slavery

Answer 41

Slaves were used in the south to grow labor intensive crops such as cotton and tobacco. The three fifths compromise said that slaves counted as three fifths of a person when counted for population because they did three fifths of the work that a free man would do.

Question 42

standards of living

Answer 42

For a time period factory workers had better standards than farmers because their wages were not dependent on how the weather was. Farmers were dependent on the seasons and climate so if they did not have a good crop then they will not get paid as much as always. Factory workers also had apartments provided to them and the farmers had to make their own homes. However, factory workers had to pay for their apartments and the company often made them pay heavily so that they would have to stay and pay off debt. Some would argue that the Factory workers were being held as slaves. Some would argue that the slaves had better standards of living because everything they needed was provided for at the expense of their master

Question 43

Cotton Gin

Answer 43

It was invented by Eli Whitney. It cleaned the amount of cotton in an hour what it took a person all day to do. It caused cotton production to increase and it was called a cotton gin because it was run by an engine. All of the machines were made the same way so parts were interchangable. Interchangable parts made machines easier to fix because a part could just be replaced instead of having to custom make another part or buying a new machine

Question 44

Monroe doctrine

Answer 44

The doctrine was primarily the work of John Quincy Adams in 1823. The United States would consider any foreign challenge to the soveriegnty of existing American nations an unfriendly act. President Monroe wanted Europe to leave the Western hemisphere. The Monroe doctrine established the idea that America is the dominant power in the hemisphere. It also said the United States would protect the newly independent colonies of Latin America. from European intervention. and help them if they went to war with Europe

Question 45

Manifest Destiny

Answer 45

the idea that the United States would eventually own from east to west coast. Expansion was justifiable and inevitable

Question 46

Dolly Madison

Answer 46

The wife of James Madison. She was more social than her husband. She saved George Washington’s portrait before the British burned down the white house in the war of 1812

Question 47

Adams-Onis treaty

Answer 47

This treaty in 1819 ceded Florida to the United States from Spain after the war of 1812. Defined border between U.S. and new Spain

Question 48

The task system and the gang system

Answer 48

In the task system an overseer would assign jobs to specific people. In the gang system the overseer would assign a large job such as picking a whole field of cotton and the workers would figure out who would do what.

Question 49

The two types of workers on plantations

Answer 49

field hands and house servants. Filed hands would work outside in the field and house servants would do jobs such as watching the master’s children and serving food inside of the house.

Question 50

Religion

Answer 50

Slaves generally took the religion of their masters usually baptist or methodist. Some even attended their masters church on Sunday. They would hold their own services that were expressive than there master’s religion

Question 51

The Second Great Awakening

Answer 51

A nation wide revival. It accelerated the growth of different denominations and sects. Women were given new roles in the church. Many African American slaves embraced the religious fervor and the equalitarian message that salvation is available to all. Church revivals could last as long as three weeks.

Question 52

The War of 1812

Answer 52

The War of 1812 started in 1812 .The British were impressing America and trading conflicts were happening on the seas. The warring powers of Britain and France were making trading very hard. The United States was caught between Napoleon’s decrees and Britain’s orders in council. The British and French were violating America’s neutrality. American considered the British the worse offender because of impressment and they had the greater sea power. The United States declared war on the British on June 18, 1812. A treaty was signed in1814

Question 53

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 53

This treaty ended the War of 1812 in 1814. it was named after the Dutch city where it was signed. All conquered territories were to be returned and and commissions were planned to settle the boundary of Canada and the United States

Question 54

The Battle of New Orleans

Answer 54

This battle took place after the war had officially ended due to lack of communication. It took place in January in 1815. Andrew Jackson was the hero of the battle

Question 55

Impressments

Answer 55

Th British navy would take American soldiers from their ships and force them to serve on British ships. One of the reasons that the war of 1812 was started

Question 56

Henry Clay

Answer 56

He was speaker of the house in 1811. He was a warhawk from Kentucky. He appointed John C. Calhoun to the Crucial Committee of Foreign Wars. They together wanted the conquest of Canada.He is known as the great compromiser and he made the compromise of 1820 adn the Compromise of 1850.

Question 57

John C. Calhoun

Answer 57

He was a war hawk from South Carolina. He had red hair and firey temper that hurt his public appeal and votes. He was vice president to John Quincy Adams. He is one of the reasons that the Civil War started.South Carolina was the first state to succeed from the Union.

Question 58

War Hawks

Answer 58

Representatives on both parties who wanted war with Britain. Some of them were nationalist. Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun are well known war hawks

Question 59

Andrew Jackson

Answer 59

Andrew Jackson was the first native-born resident to become president. He was the seventh president. He was known for being stubborn. His nickname was “old hickory”. He used veto in office more than all of the other presidents up until that point combined. He hated the bank of the United States and took all federal funding away from it to try to destroy it.

Question 60

Rachel Jackson

Answer 60

The wife of Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson’s enemies questioned if her divorce had been final before she married Andrew Jackson. She stressed herself to death over the scandal

Question 61

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Answer 61

The biggest battle against the native americans. In 1814, the forces of Andrew Jackson defeated the Creeks on the Tallapoosa River in Alabama. This decisive victory ended the Creek war

Question 62

Trail of tears

Answer 62

Andrew Jackson forced the Native Americans to move west into Oklahoma because it was far away from white settlers and the state didn’t seem to have anything that the settlers would want. The trek began in the winter of 1838. The Cherokees were forced into a reservation.

Question 63

Compromise of 1820

Answer 63

It established Missiouri as a free state and Main as a slave state in order to balance the power of the Northern free states and the southern slave states. It also kept the peace. It established the 36” 30” line in Missiouri. Anything above the line was a free state and anything below the line was a slave state.

Question 64

Compromise of 1850

Answer 64

California joined the United States as a free state and created popular sovereignty which meant that the states could decide whether they wanted slaves or not themselves. It included the Fugative slave law which meant that slaves who ran away must be returned even if they escaped to free territory

Question 65

Sectionalism

Answer 65

Sectionalism is loyalty to ones region or section. The North and South would gather to vote against each other. The southern voters would altogether vote against the north and vise versa.

Question 66

John Deere

Answer 66

Invented the steel plow in 1837. He started producing steel plows in the 1840s.

Question 67

Cattle Drives

Answer 67

Cows were transported in Cattle drives to get to the train station where they would then be taken to a processing plant. There were three categories of jobs in a cattle drive. 1. Cowboys guarded the cows on the sides and moved in the front and in the back of the cows to make sure that they were all going in the same direction together. 2. The cook that made meals for the journey often traveled in a chuckwagon behind the cattle drive . 3. Someone always had to keep watch of the cows at night to make sure that they weren’t attacked by coyotes or wander off.

Question 68

Open range

Answer 68

Western farmers allowed their cattle to to free roam. This took up a lot of land and resources. Cows were branded so that farmers could tell which ones were theirs.

Question 69

Rustling

Answer 69

Cow rustling involved stealing a cow and the penalty was hanging. Horse rustlers could be hanged without a trial.

Question 70

Turnpikes

Answer 70

toll roads or bridges that are pay per use.

Question 71

Robert Fulton

Answer 71

Invented the steamboat in 1807. Steamboats made travel much easier. Steamboats could push themselves up the river. They were used to transports goods and slaves to be traded at various ports. Mobile had a port

Question 72

Cyrus McCormick

Answer 72

Invented the mechanical reaper in 1831. Before this invention reaping was done by hand in a long and tiring process. This machine was used to harvest crops mechanically.

Question 73

Case Mechanical thrasher

Answer 73

This was used before the Mechanical reaper was invented and helped farmers by threshing grain. It removes the seeds from the stalks and husks by beating the plants to make the seeds fall out.

Question 74

Upton Sinclair

Answer 74

Wrote The Jungle in 1906 to portray the horrible conditions and how immigrants were exploited in factories in Chicago and similar industrialized cities in the United States.

Question 75

Barn raising

Answer 75

Barn raisings were social events. If someone needed a barn then all of their neighbors would come over to help them. It was a good way to get to know new neighbors. The men would cut down trees, the women would cook, and the children would play

Question 76

Quilting Bees

Answer 76

A female social event. Women would make homemade quilts that took many hours to make and gossip.

Question 77

Alabama Statehood

Answer 77

Alabama became a state in 1819. It was originally part of Mississippi.