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Test 2 Study Guide, > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How can a QT be measured

A

Through the pulmonary artery catheter with the use of the thermodilution technique. Cold saline or dextrose solution is injected through the proximal port of the PAC. Heat loss occurs from the proximal to the distal tip of the catheter. The amount of heat loss measured = rate of blood flow.

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2
Q

Normal range for QT

A

4-8 L/min

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3
Q

Fick Equation for QT

A

QT= oxygen consumption/(CaO2-CvO2) x 10

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4
Q

CaO2 Equation

A

(1.34 x Hg x SaO2) + PaO2 x 0.003

Do the same for venous blood but use SvO2

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5
Q

What is a patients QT if VO2 is 250 mL/min and arterial to venous oxygen content difference is 5 g/dL

A

5 L/min

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6
Q

What is a patients QT if BSA is 1.6 sq. Meters, arterial O2 content is 20 vol%, and mixed venous O2 content is 5 vol% ? (Hint; multiply BSA x 130 to get VO2)

A

4.16 L/min

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7
Q

Calculate the patients cardiac output given the following data: BSA is 1.2 sq. Meters, CaO2 is 19 vol% and CvO2 is 14vol%

A

3.12 L/Min

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8
Q

Alveolar dead space equation

A

PaCO2-PeCO2/PaCO2

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9
Q

Anatomic VD

A

Body weight

Tracheostomy

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10
Q

Alveolar VD

A

Pulmonary embolism
Hypotension
Blood loss/ hemorrhage

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11
Q

Physiological VD

A

Most accurate measurement

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12
Q

Mechanical VD

A

Never add a VD tubing if patient is breathing spontaneously in the ventilator if a ventilated patient has a high PaCO2, remove the VD tubing first. Do not increase the VT or RR

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13
Q

ABG results show a pH of 7.40, PaCO2 of 40 mmHg, and a PaO2 of 65 mmHg, what is the VD/VT if exhales CO2 is 30 mmHg?

A

25%

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14
Q

Intrapulmonary shunt

A

Pneumonia, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, atelectasis

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15
Q

QS/QT

A

A-aDO2/20 add 3% and it will give you the shunt

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16
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low level of oxygen in the blood

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17
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low level of oxygen in the tissues

18
Q

Alveolar hyperventilation

A

Respiratory alkalosis

19
Q

Alveolar hypoventilation

A

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory failure

20
Q

Hypercapnia

Hint: CAP= CO2

A

High CO2

21
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Low CO2

22
Q

Hypercarbia

A

High CO2

23
Q

Hypocarbia

A

Low CO2

24
Q

Which one does not belong?

A. Hyperventilation
B. Hypercarbia
C. Hypercapnia
D. Hypoventilation

A

A. Hyperventilation

25
Q

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

A

Left wants to keep, right wants to give away

26
Q

Shift to the right

A 
Decreased affinity for oxygen (more O2 is released to the tissues)
Hypercapnia (increased CO2)
Hyperthermia, 
Acidosis
Increased DPG
27
Q

Shift to the left

A 
Increased affinity for oxygen (less O2 is released to the tissues)
Hypocapnia
Hypothermia
Alkalosis
Decreased DPG
28
Q

Severe hypoxemia level and treatment

A

<40 %

Management is oxygen

29
Q

Moderate hypoxemia

A

40-59%

Management is oxygen

30
Q

Mild Hypoxemia

A

60-79%

Management is oxygen

31
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

32
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing

Head trauma, overdose

33
Q

Apnea

A

Lack of breathing for at least 10 seconds

Asphyxia, drug overdose, OSA

34
Q

Tachypnea

A

fast, shallow

Stiff lungs/ pneumonia, pulmonary edema

35
Q

Hypopnea

A

Shallow breathing, low chest expansion

Brain stem damage

36
Q

Hyperpnea (hyperventilation)

A

Low CO2, respiratory/cardiac disease

37
Q

Kussmaul

A

Fast, deep breathing

Diabetes

38
Q

Biots

A

Fast, deep and periods of apnea

Increased ICP

39
Q

Cheyne-stokes

A

Progressively deeper, and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease to apnea, then cycle starts over

CHF, stroke, head injury, drug overdose

40
Q

O2 and CO2 transport

A

HB

41
Q

Normal CaO2 values

A

16-20%

42
Q

Normal CvO2 values

A

12-15%

Test 2 Study Guide, (1 decks)

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