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AtSc > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

What is advection?

A

Horizontal movement

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1
Q

What is convection?

A

Vertical air motion

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2
Q

Turbulence is what % of accidents in part 121?

A

75

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3
Q

What are the hazards of turbulence?

A

Loss of control
Airframe damage
Passenger discomfort

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4
Q

What is turbulence?

A

Irregular motion of an aircraft in flight, especially when characterized by rapid up and down motion. Caused by rapid changes in wind velocity

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5
Q

What is meteorological turbulence?

A

Irregular fluctuations occurring in fluid motions.

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6
Q

What is a wave?

A

Regular oscillations of wind?

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7
Q

What is an Eddie?

A

Vortices embedded in the mean wind flow

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8
Q

What is the turbulence scale?

A

Microscales
Mesoscales
Macroscales

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9
Q

What is the lifetime of macro scales?

A

Weeks

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10
Q

What is the lifetime of micro scale?

A

Minutes

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11
Q

What is the critical range of an Eddie size?

A

50-1500 ft

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12
Q

Why is it good to fly slower in turbulence?

A

Airplane will stall first resulting in no damage to aircraft structure

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13
Q

Wing loading

A

Weight/wing area

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14
Q

2 things needed for shear turbulence

A

Wind shear

Stability

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15
Q

Critical shear value

A

The amount of shear required to produce turbulence.

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16
Q

When can you expect moderate turbulence

A

Surface winds greater then 30 kts

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17
Q

Gust factor

A

Difference between peak wind speed and average wind speed

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18
Q

New approach sped

A

Vref + 1/2 gust factor

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19
Q

What are thermals?

A

Dry, buoyant element of air

Velocity of 200-2000 fpm

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20
Q

Forced convection

A

Air becomes unstble after it is forced to rise

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21
Q

Free convection

A

Air rises because it is initally unstable

22
Q

Dry convection

A

Rising air remains unsaturated

23
Q

Moist convection

A

Rising air reaches saturation

Produces clouds

24
Q

Dry adiabatic lapse rate

A

Rate at which parcels of air cool as they rise through atmoshpere

25
Q

Environmental Lapse Rate

A

Temp profile of atmosphere measured by rawimsonde

26
Q

Thermo of free convection

A

Energy transferred to lowest layer of atmosphere by conduction

27
Q

Capping inversion

A

Stable layer
Prevents thermals from rising
Top of convective layer

28
Q

What leads to instablity

A

temperature profile

29
Q

Worst cases for solar heating

A

Summer
afternoon
low specific heat
light wind

30
Q

cold Air advection

A

cold air over surface

31
Q

variables for cold air advection

A

Fall and Spring
Cold Front
light wind

33
Q

honeycomb

A

Open cellular convection

34
Q

Where could you except turbulence on the jet stream?

A

On the polar side

35
Q

When is mountain wave activity more predominant?

A

At night, more stable air

36
Q

What does mountain wind depend on?

A

Wind, direction relative to ridge line
Environmental lapse rate, stability
Mountain, size and shape

37
Q

Kinetic energy

A

wind speed

38
Q

Potential energy

A

stability mountain height

39
Q

What are three possible scenarios as wind approaches mountain?

A 
Block the flow (potential greater the kinetic) down slopping winds
Gravity wave (potential equal kinetic) warmer rises, overshoots, cooler sinks, 
Flow follows terrain (kinetic greater than potential)
40
Q

How can you classify waves?

A

Wave length and amplitude

41
Q

Leeward

A

Downwind side of mountain

42
Q

Vertically propagating wave

A

gravity wave whose energy propagates vertically

requires
Weak wind shear
moderately stable atmosphere

develops vertically, tilts upwind with height

Breaking wave, high at top of troposphere

43
Q

How close to mountains are vertically propagating waves?

A

Within 10’s of miles

44
Q

What would be an indication on a satellite display of vertically propagating wave?

A

clear slot next to mountain

45
Q

Trapped Lee Wave

A

Mountain wave that forms when wave energy is confined to low altitudes

no vertical tilt, not high

lenticular clouds

46
Q

Required conditions for trapped lee wave

A

Stable atmosphere

String vertical wind shear

47
Q

Are there always clouds with mountain waves?

A

No, need moisture

48
Q

When might you except these conditions?

A

Winds perp to ridge line

common with strong jet stream over mountains

49
Q

How do you figure out trap wave

A

Take two altitudes, divide by difference in speed.

More than 1.6, trapped wave.

50
Q

What satellite image do you look for with a trapped wave?

A

Ridges of clouds, lenticular

51
Q

Downslope winds

A

result of potential energy to kinetic energy

Strong surface winds

52
Q

Hydraulic Jump

A

Steady disturbance in the lee of a mountain

Similar to water

53
Q

Rotor

A

Turbulent area in which air rotates an axis parallel to the mountains

AtSc (7 decks)

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