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A&P 2 > Test #3- Respiratory System > Flashcards

Test #3- Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Respiratory System

A

1) Gas Exchange- Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide
2) Helps maintain blood pH

pH range 7.35-7.45

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2
Q

What happens if you add H+ to a solution?

A

The pH # gets lower and the solution become more acidic

Increased breathing?

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3
Q

Build up of CO2 (carbon dioxide), Will result in what?

A

Acidosis- Build up of CO2 results in a build up of H+

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4
Q

Air

A
  • About 20% Oxygen
    79% Nitrogen, Nitrogen does not go into the bloodstream unless under pressure
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5
Q

Pleura

A

Sac of slippery fluid surrounding the lungs

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6
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of Pleura

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7
Q

Type 1 Pneumocytes

A
  • On Surface of Alveolus (Individual grapes)
  • Simple Squamous, 1 Layer, Flat
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8
Q

Type 2 Pneuomocytes

A
  • On surface of Alveolus (Individual Grapes)
  • Simple Cuboidal, raised
  • Secrete Surfactant ( Required for Life)
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9
Q

Alveoli

A

Thin walled air sacs Specialized for gas exchange
- Each lung contains 1.5 Million

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10
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary cessation of breathing

(This is normal)

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11
Q

Asphyxia

A

Oxygen Starvation
Can be low O2 levels or interference w/respiration

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12
Q

Aspirate

A

Inhale of forgive substance into airway

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13
Q

Asthma

A

Swelling of bronchial tubes w/ increased mucus

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14
Q

Inspiration

A

Taking air in

Normal
- Diaphragm contracts & Drops
- Intercostals contract & life ribs up

Labored Breathing
-Sternocleidomastoid lifts ribs up

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15
Q

Expiration

A

Letting air out
Normal
- Elasticity or chest wall pushes air out

Forced
- Internal intercostals pull ribs down

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16
Q

The alveoli consists of many what?

A

Highly permeable membrane “grapes” arranged in clusters

(alveolar sac)

17
Q

Anything that increased intracranial pressure can push the medulla into the foramen magnum and _____ ?

A

Short it out
Examples: Bleeding, Meningitis, Encephalitis

18
Q

1 Respiratory Stimulant?

A

Buildup of carbon dioxide CO2

  • most important high levels of CO2
    Also, high levels of H+ (acidosis)
    Low levels of O2
    High temp
    Sympathetic Stimulation
19
Q

Where is the opening to the Eustachian tube located?

A

Nasopharynx

20
Q

Nose

A

Divided into two passageways by the septum
- Anterior openings are the external nares

21
Q

Functions of the nose?

A

Trapping dust and aiding in the sense of smell and the quality of voice

22
Q

Nasal Conchae

A

(also called Turbinates)
Designed to stir the air up so we can moisten and also heat it up

23
Q

Larynx

A

Vocal Cords are here, Larger in Male

  • Forms sound- tongue and lips shape the sound so we can form words
24
Q

The top of the trachea is the _____ bone?

A

Hyoid Bone- indicator of strangulation

25
Q

Epiglottis

A
  • Prevents food from going down to the trachea
  • Covers the opening of the Larynx for swallowing.

When we swallow, the trachea is pushed upwards, and the epiglottis is pushed down by the tongue

26
Q

Trachea

A

Consists of smooth muscle, reinforced with C Shaped cartilage to hold tube open
- Cilia begins here to trap dust, pollen, Etc

27
Q

Alveolar Pores help?

A

Equalize pressure

28
Q

RBC have an enzyme called?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase on their surface

29
Q

PH

A

Is the # of H+

30
Q

Build up of H+ (Acidosis) also stimulates inspiratory nuclei to ?

A

Increase respiration

31
Q

Hilum

A

Where trachea spilts and enters lungs

32
Q

Is a function of the Lymphatic system absorption of dietary fat in the small intestine?

A

Yes

33
Q

What has separate regions controlling inspiration and expiration?

A

The Medulla

34
Q

what would a nurse give someone who is in Acidosis?

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

35
Q

CO2 Binds to ____ making Carbonic Acid (H2CO2) ?

A

H2O (Water)

36
Q

Which lung is smallest?

A

Left lung b/c heart is on that side
(2 lobes, right lung has 3 lobes)

37
Q

What does Pleural Fluid do?

A

Keeps the pleura moist, reducing friction between the membranes when you breathe

A&P 2 (13 decks)

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