Test 4

Question 0

Which of the following are the fundamental embryonic tissues called the “germ layers”?

Answer 0

Mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm

Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the levels of organization in the vertebrate body?

Answer 1

Bones

Question 2

The type of cells that line the lungs and blood vessels are ___.

Answer 2

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 3

The cells that are specialized to produce and conduct electrochemical impulses are called ___.

Answer 3

Neurons

Question 4

Bone cells are called ___.

Answer 4

Osteocytes

Question 5

Which of the following are also known as striated muscles?

Answer 5

Skeletal and cardiac

Question 6

If the connection between the gland and the epithelial membrane is maintained as a duct, the called is called an ___ gland.

Answer 6

Exocrine

Question 7

Which of the following epithelial tissues would be likely found in the kidney tubules?

Answer 7

Cuboidal

Question 8

In vertebrates, locomotion results from the contraction of muscles anchored to ___.

Answer 8

Bones

Question 9

Myelin sheaths are found along ___.

Answer 9

Axons

Question 10

The primary function of the hindbrain in vertebrates is what?

Answer 10

Coordination of motor reflexes

Question 11

Excess blood glucose is removed by the liver to convert it into ___.

Answer 11

Glycogen

Question 12

The teeth of an adult human are arranged in the following fashion.

Answer 12

Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

Question 13

The gallbladder secretes into the small intestine a fluid that can make the fat partially water soluble. It is called ___.

Answer 13

Bile

Question 14

The food molecules that are primarily altered in the stomach are ___.

Answer 14

Proteins

Question 15

Bicarbonate that neutralizes stomach acid is produced by the ___.

Answer 15

Pancreas

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the components of the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 16

Larynx

Question 17

Gizzards designed to grind food are found in ___.

Answer 17

Birds

Question 18

The nervous system that regulates activity in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of the body is referred to as the ___ system.

Answer 18

Autonomic

Question 19

Nerve impulses travel along the long cellular extension of the neuron called the ___.

Answer 19

Axons

Question 20

The effect of myelin and modes of Ranvier is to make nerve impulses travel ___.

Answer 20

Faster

Question 21

A shift in the membrane potential toward the positive direction and exceeding the threshold causes an ____.

Answer 21

Action potential

Question 22

Which of the following multicellular animals lack nerves?

Answer 22

Sponges

Question 23

Correlation, association, and learning occur in the ___.

Answer 23

Cerebrum

Question 24

The gap into which neurotransmitters are released by the arrival of an impulse is called a ___.

Answer 24

Synaptic cleft

Question 25

In the diagram, which arrow best represents the point in time where the permeability of the axon to sodium is the highest?

Answer 25

When it's going up

Question 26

The hormone ____ sets the body's basal metabolic rate.

Answer 26

Thyroxin

Question 27

The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, which constitute the "alarm" response of the body to stress, are secreted by the ___.

Answer 27

Adrenal medulla

Question 28

The signals of the endocrine system are transmitted to the appropriate target organ via ___.

Answer 28

Blood

Question 29

Which of the following does not represent a category or hormones?

Answer 29

Second messengers

Question 30

The molecule that can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone is ___.

Answer 30

Norepinephrine

Question 31

Which hormone is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 31

Calcitonin

Question 32

The hormone stimulating the milk-ejection reflex is called ___.

Answer 32

Oxytocin

Question 33

In mammals, milk production is stimulated by ___.

Answer 33

Prolactin

Question 34

The two hormones that interact to maintain the level of blood glucose are ___ and ___.

Answer 34

Glucagon and insulin

Question 35

Most digestion occurs in the first 25cm of the 6-meter length of the small intestine called the ___

Answer 35

Duodenum

Question 36

Rumen of the first stomach of ruminants serves as a fermentation chamber in which bacteria and Protozoa degrade ___.

Answer 36

Cellulose

Question 37

In horses, rodents, and Lagomorphs, the digestion of cellulose by microorganisms takes place in the ___.

Answer 37

Cecum

Question 38

The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is ___.

Answer 38

Respiration

Question 39

Respiration involves the movement of gases by the process of ___.

Answer 39

Diffusion

Question 40

All other terrestrial vertebrates except amphibians breathe by expanding their lungs and thereby creating a ...

Answer 40

Negative pressure within the lungs

Question 41

The most efficient lungs are found in which of the terrestrial vertebrates?

Answer 41

Birds

Question 42

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere is ____.

Answer 42

About 21%

Question 43

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane depends on all of the following except ___.

Answer 43

Flow

Question 44

Which of the following correctly traces the route of air flow in the respiratory tract?

Answer 44

Pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchiole

Question 45

Most CO2 is transported in the blood as ____.

Answer 45

Bicarbonate ions

Question 46

As altitude increases, the partial pressure of O2 ___, and the partial pressure of CO2 ____.

Answer 46

Decreases; decreases

Question 47

Which of the following systems are not directly involved in communitarian and integration sense and respond to the environment?

Answer 47

The immune system

Question 48

A friend asks you to explain the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands. She understands that both types of glands are formed from invaginated epithelium. Which response would you use?

Answer 48

Endocrine glands produce hormones which enter the blood stream, while exocrine glands secrete sweat and oil directly to the surface of the skin

Question 49

When the body's blood glucose level raises a one normal, which of the following hormones is produced?

Answer 49

Insulin

Question 50

Epithelial cells with a flattened, irregular shape and tapered edges are known as ___ cells.

Answer 50

Squamous

Question 51

If the set point of the hypothalamus were to suddenly rise to 40C, what would the initial response of the body be?

Answer 51

Muscles contract, shiver

Question 52

Loose connective tissues contain all of the following types of cells or fibers except ___.

Answer 52

Chondrocytes

Question 53

The rapid inward diffusion of Na followed by the outward diffusion of K produces a rapid change in the membrane potential called an ___.

Answer 53

Action potential

Question 54

The white matter of CNS is formed by ___.

Answer 54

Myelinated axons

Question 55

For each 3 Na ions pumped outward, the sodium-potassium pump takes in ___ K.

Answer 55

2

Question 56

The autonomic nervous system regulates the activity of all of the following except ___ muscles.

Answer 56

Skeletal

Question 57

Which of the following functions as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland?

Answer 57

Pancreas

Question 58

Which of the following are paracrine regulators?

Answer 58

Prostaglandins, cytokines, nitric oxide, and growth factors

Question 59

Parathyroid hormone does not cause what?

Answer 59

Acceleration of heartbeat

Question 60

All of the following are examples of sex steroid hormones except ___.

Answer 60

Prolactin

Question 61

Select the mismatched endocrine gland and its hormone.

Answer 61

Adrenal medulla - cortisol