Test 4 Terms Flashcards
(213 cards)
0
Q
Abduction
A
Movement away from the midline
1
Q
Abdominal Cavity
A
Area in front of body containing stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen
2
Q
Adduction
A
Movement towards the midline
3
Q
Adipose tissue
A
Fatty tissue; fat
4
Q
Afferent nerves
A
Nerves that carries impulses to central nervous system
5
Q
Amphiarthrosis
A
Slightly moveable joint
6
Q
Amount of blood in humans
A
1.2-1.5 gallons in average adult body
7
Q
Anatomic position
A
Standing straight up, hand down to sides palms facing front
8
Q
Anatomy
A
The study of the structure of an organism
9
Q
Anterior
A
Before or in the front
10
Q
Aorta artery
A
Largest artery in body; carries blood away from heart
11
Q
Aortic valve
A
Flap or cusp located between left ventricle of heart and aorta
12
Q
apnea
A
absence of respirations
13
Q
arachnoid membrane
A
thin layer of tissue covers a cavity
14
Q
arteries
A
blood vessels that carry blood away from heart
15
Q
arterioles
A
smallest branch of artery; vessel connects to capillaries
16
Q
axon
A
long, threadlike part of nerve; impulses conducted from cell body to other cells
17
Q
basophils
A
type of white blood cells produced in bone marrow
18
Q
biceps brachii
A
large muscle in upper arm turns hand and flexes arm/forearm
19
Q
bicuspid valve
A
aortic valve; regulates blood flow from heart into aorta
20
Q
biology
A
the study of life
21
Q
bradycardia
A
slow heart rate; usually below 60 beats per minute
22
Q
buccal cavity
A
outside surface of posterior teeth, facing teeth
23
Q
capillaries
A
tiny blood vessels that allows exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and body cells
24
cardiac muscle
myocardium; muscular tissue of the heart
25
cardia sphincter
ringlike muscle; closes a natural passage in the heart
26
carotid artery
runs up neck;carries blood to rest of body
27
cataract
eye becomes cloudy, leads to blindness
28
cellular respirations
series of metabolic processes; living cells produce energy
29
centrosome
area of cell cytoplasm that has two centioles; aid in reproduction of the cell
30
cerbellum
dorsal section of brain; maintains balance and equilibrium
31
cerebrum
largest section of brain; sensory interpretation and voluntary muscle activity
32
cervix of uterus
entrance to or lower part of the uterus
33
chromatin
in nucleus; contains chromosomes with genes that carry genetics
34
cilia
hairlike projections
35
ciliary body
thicken part of eye; connects choroid and iris
36
circulatory system
permits blood to circulate and transports nutrients and other things to and from cells
37
circumduction
moving a joint in a circular motion
38
cirrhosis
chronic disease; liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue
39
clotting proteins
13 of them; switch on when blood vessel is damaged; tries to fix the vessels
40
cochlea
snail-shaped section in inner ear; contains corti for hearing
41
color of blood
little blood: dark red, almost blue
| regular: red
42
conjunctiva
mucous membrane that lines eyelids and covers anterior part of the eye
43
connective tissue
body tissue that connects, supports, or binds organs together
44
contractility
the ability of a muscle to contact
45
contracture
tightening or shortening of a muscle
46
cornea
transparent part of sclera; allows rays to enter eye
47
coronal plane
frontal plane; imaginary line; divides body into a front and a back
48
coronary artery
supplies the heart with blood; two main ones
49
cranial cavity
cavity in the brain
50
deltoid
triangular muscle in uppermost part of the arm; top of the shoulder
51
dendrite
short extension of nerve cell; transmits impulses
52
diapysis
the shaft, or middle section, of a long bone
53
diarthosis
a freely moveable joint
54
diastolic
measurement of blood pressure taken when heart is at rest
55
diencephalon
section of brian between cerebrum and midbrain
56
digestive system
stomach, liver, gallbladder, appendix, etc.; breaks down foods and nutrients
57
distal
most distant from the midline
58
dorsal
pertaining to the back
59
dorsal cavity
the back; cranial and spinal cavity
60
dura mater
thick membrane; outermost of the three layers of meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord
61
dyspnea
difficult of labored breathing
62
efferent nerves
carry impulses away from central nervous system
63
ejaculatory ducts
in males; duct or tube from seminal vesicle to urethra
64
elasticity
the ability to go back to normal position
65
embolus
a blood clot or mass circulating in the blood vessels
66
endocrine system
gland that secrete hormones into circulatory system
67
endoplasmic reticulum
allows for the transportation in and out of the nucleus
68
endosteum
membrane lining medullary canal of a bone
69
eosinophils
a white blood cell; containing granules readily stained by eosin
70
epididymis
tightly coiled tube in scrotal sac; connects testes with the vas
71
epilepsy
chronic disease of nervous system with convulsions
72
epiphysis
the end or head of a long bone
73
epithelial tissue
tissue that forms skin and parts of the secreting glands
74
erythrocytes
red blood cells
75
excitability
muscle that responds to stimulation by nerves and hormones to regulate muscle activity
76
external respirations
gas exchange across respiratory membrane in lungs
77
factors influencing blood pressure
excersise, nutrition, alcohol, stress, smoke, et.
78
factors influencing temperature
metabolism, time of day, age, gender, sicknesses
79
false ribs
same as floating ribs; any of the lower ribs that are not directly attached to the breastbone
80
fascia
fibrous membrane covering, supporting, and separating muscles
81
femoral artery
large artery in thigh; provid oxygenated blood to tissues in the leg
82
flexion
decreasing the angle between two parts; bending a limb
83
loating ribs
any of the lower ribs that are not directly attached to breastbone
84
fontanels
area between cranial bones where they haven't fused together; soft spots
85
frontal plane
imaginary line that separates the body into a front and a back
86
function of bile
aids in emulsification of fats during digestion
87
functions of thrombocytes
blood cell required for blood clotting
88
fondus of uterus
top portion of uterus; opposit of the cervix
89
gastrocnemius
cheif muscle of the calf; flexes the knee and foot
90
gluteus maxims
the largest of the three muscles in the buttox; move the thighs
91
Golgi apparatus
stores, produces, and packages secretions of cells
92
hard palate
bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth
93
hemiplegia
paralysis on one side of the body
94
hemoglobin
protein of red blood cells; carry oxygen from lungs to the tissues
95
inferior
below or under
96
insertion
end or an area of a muscle that moves when muscle contracts
97
integumentary system
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands
98
internal respirations
in metabolizing tissues; oxygen diffuses out of blood; carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells
99
involuntary muscles
independent action not controlled by choice or desire
100
iris
colored part of the eye; regulates size of pupil
101
joints
an area where two bones meet or join
102
lateral
pertaining to the side
103
latissimus dorsi
triangular muscles in lower part of back, very large
104
left atrium
receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle
105
left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body
106
lens
behind pupil; refracts or bends light rays onto retina
107
leukocytes
white blood cells
108
ligament
fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
109
lining of uterus
inner lining of uterus is called the endometrium
110
lymphatic system
network of vessels through which lymph drains from tissues into blood
111
lymphocytes
form of small white blood cell; has a round single nucleus; helps the immune system
112
lysosome
contain digestive enzymes to digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and other foreign matter
113
medial
pertaining to the middle or midline
114
medulla oblongata
lower part of brain stem; controls vital processes such as breathing and heartbeat
115
medullary cavity
central cavity of bone shafts; red and yellow bone marrow stored here
116
meninges
membranes that cover brain and the spinal cord
117
midbrain
portion of brain that connects pons and cerebellum; relay center for impulses
118
mid sagittal plane
imaginary line; divides the body into a right and left side
119
mitochondria
part of cell that provides energy and it is involved with the metabolism of the cell
120
mitral valve
flap or susp between left atrium and the left ventricle
121
muscle tissue
body tissue composed of fibers that produce movement
122
muscle tone
state of partial muscle contraction providing a state of readiness to act
123
myelin
mixture of proteins and phospholipids; increases the speed at which impulses are conducted
124
neurilemma
thin sheath around a nerve axon; includes myelin
125
neuron
a nerve cell
126
neutrophils
white blood cells; produced in bone marrow and is in the blood
127
nucleolus
spherical body in the nucleus; important for reproduction
128
olfactory receptors
receptors that aid in the sense of smell
129
orbital cavity
the eyes
130
order of the large intestine
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoi colon, rectum
131
organ of Corti
structure in the cochlea of ear; organ for hearing
132
organelle
cytoplasm of cell
| ex: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.
133
origin
end or area of a muscle that remains stationary when muscle contracts
134
ovaries
endocrine gland that produces hormones and ovum
135
pancreas
gland that is dorsal to the stomach; secretes insulin and digestive juices
136
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower half of the body
137
parasympathetic system
a division of the autonomic nervous system
138
pathophysiology
study of how a disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease processes
139
pectoralis major
thick, fan-shaped muscle; anterior to the chest; under breast in female
140
pelvic cavity
area below abdominal region and near sacrum and hips
141
perineum
region between vagina and the anus in the femal; between scrotum and anus in male
142
peripheral pulse sites
temporal, carotid, apical, branchial, fadial, femural, popliteal, tibial, pedis
143
pharyngeal tonsils
adenoids; mass of lymphatic tissue; roof of nasopharynx(where the nose blends into the throat)
144
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
145
physiology
the study of the process or functions of living organisms
146
pia mater
delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord
147
pinocytic vesicle
tiny vesicle; contains fluid or solute being ingested into cell
148
platelets
also called thrombocytes; blood cell requited for blood clots
149
pleura
serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity
150
pons
part of brainstem connects medulla oblongata and cerebellum
151
posterior
toward the back; behind
152
proximal
closest to the point of area or reference
153
pulmonary valve
flap or cusp between right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
154
pupil
opening or hole in the center of iris of the eye; allows light to enter
155
pyloric sphincter
end of the pyloric canal; layer of fiber thicken to form this muscle
156
pyrexia
a fever
157
quadriceps femoris
large muscle group that includes four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh
158
quadriplegia
paralysis below neck; paralysis of arms and legs
159
rectus abdominis
"lower abdominals"; paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the abdomen
160
red marrow
soft tissue in epiphyses (ends) of long bones
161
respiratory system
organs and structures for process of intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between organisms and the environment
162
retina
sensory membrane that lines the eye; immediate instrument of vision
163
right atrium
deoxygenated blood enters through inferior and superior vena cavas
164
right ventricle
responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs
165
risk factors of hypertension
age, race, family history, obesity, tobacco, diet, stress, disease, pregnancy
166
rotation
movement around a central axis; a turning
167
rugae
a series of ridges produced by folding the wall of an organ
168
salivary amylase
an enzyme in saliva that breaks starch down into sugar
169
salivary glands
glands of mouth; produce saliva; digestive secretion
170
sartorius
a long, narrow muscle muscle oblique to each thigh and hipbone to inside of leg below the knee
171
sclera
white outer coat of the eye
172
scrotum
double pouch containing testes and the epididymis in males
173
semicircular canal
structures of the inner ear; involved in maintaing balance and equilibrium
174
seminal vesicles
one of two saclike structures behind bladder; secretes thick fluid for semen
175
sinuses
cavity or air space in bone
176
skeletal muscle
muscle connected to the skeleton to form part of mechanical system
177
skeletal system
framework of body; consists of bones and other connective tissues; protect and supports tissues and organs
178
smooth muscle
muscle tissue; fibrils not highly ordered; gut and other involuntary internal organs
179
somatic system
nervous system with voluntary control of body movements
180
spinal cavity
pertaining to the vertebral column or spinal cord
181
sternocleidomastoid
long muscles that connect the sternum, clavivle, and mastoid; allow head to turn and nod
182
structure of Fallopian tubes
narrow tube on top portion of the uterus
183
superior
above; on top of; or higher than
184
sympathetic system
allows body to respond to emergancies and stress
185
synarthrosis
an immovable joint between bones
186
systolic
measurement of blood pressure taken when heart is contracting and forcing blood into the arteries
187
tachycardia
fast or rapid heart beat; above 100 beats per minute in adults
188
tendon
fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones
189
testes
endocrine glands in scrotum in males; produce sperm and male the male hormones
190
thoracic cavity
the chest or thorax
191
thoracic vertebrae
twelve bones of backbone; ribs attached to this
192
thrombocytes
(platelets); blood cell required for blood clots
193
thrombophlephitis
inflammation of the wall of the vein
194
tibialis anterior
upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia
195
transverse plane
imaginary line that divides body into a top and bottom half
196
trapezius
large triangular muscles over back of neck and shoulders
197
triceps brachii
muscle that runs along humerus bone in arm
198
tricuspid valve
flap or cusp between right atrium and the right ventricle
199
true ribs
rib that is attached directly to breastbone
200
urinary system
organs to filter out excess fluid form the blood stream
201
varicose veins
swollen, distended veins
202
vas deferens
tube that carries sperm and semen from epididymsis to ejaculatory duct in the male
203
veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
204
ventral
front of the body
205
ventral cavity
front of body; thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic
206
ventricles
one of two lower chambers of the heart
207
venules
smallest types of veins; connects capillaries and veins
208
vestibule
small space or cavity at beginning of canal
209
villi
tiny projections from surface; small intestine; aid in absorption of nutrients
210
voluntary muscles
under one's control; done by choice or desire
211
ways to take temperature
oral (mouth); rectal (butt); axillary (armpit); and temporal (forehead)
212
yellow marrow
soft tissue in diaphyses (middle) of the long bones
