Test 73

Question 1

purpose of blinding

Answer 1

prevent pt or researcher expectancy from itnerfering w/ outcome

Question 2

SE of loop diuretics (HIGH doses, rapid IV administration)

usually reversible but can be permanent

Answer 2

ototoxicity

Question 3

SE of HCTZ

Answer 3

hypokalemia
hyponatremia
hypomagnesemia

Question 4

MC SE of spirnonolcatone

Answer 4

hyperkalemia

Question 5

major stimulator of respoiration in healthy ppl

Answer 5

PaCO2

slight increase > increased pulmonary ventilation

Question 6

responsible for sensing arterial PaO2 and can be suppressed with oxygen administration

Answer 6

Peripheral chemoreceptors

respond to HYPOXEMIA

Question 7

major stimulator of cenral chemoreceptors

Answer 7

increased PaCO2

Question 8

regulate the duration of inspiration and protect the lung from hyperinflation

Answer 8

pulmonary stretch receptors

Question 9

hematuria plus renal mass

Answer 9

RCC

Question 10

AD
cerebellar hemangioblastoma
clear cell renal carcinomas
pheochromocytomas

Answer 10

VHL on chrom 3

RCC is major cuase of death

Question 11

WT-1 muation

Answer 11

wilms tumor on chrom 11

Question 12

vertical diplopia (reading the newspaper, walking down stairs)

Answer 12

trochlear nerve palsy

Question 13

vertical and horizontal diplopia
ptosis
enlarged and nonreactive pupil

Answer 13

CN III

Question 14

horizontal diplopia and esotropia (inward deviation)

Answer 14

CN 6

Question 15

impaired horizontal eye movement and weak addection of affected eye w/ adduction nystagumus

Answer 15

MLF lesion

Question 16

lactose challenge

Answer 16

Give lactose then measure blood glucose levels> if don’t incrase lactose intolerance is confirmed

Question 17

results in lactase def pt

Answer 17

increased stool osmotic gap
increased breath H content
decreased stool pH upon lactose challenge

Question 18

majority of water absorption in the nephron

Answer 18

Proximal tubule passively w/ reabsorption of solutes

Question 19

positive for anti-HBsAg but negative for HBsAg

Answer 19

immunized

Question 20

1 g of protiein

Answer 20

4 al energy

Question 21

1 g of fat

Answer 21

9 cal energy

Question 22

important prognostic factor in PSGN

Answer 22

age

only 60% of affected adults recover completely

Question 23

MCC of mitral stenosis

Answer 23

chronic rheumatic heart disease

Question 24

infective endocarditis of mitral valve

Answer 24

destruction and regurgitation

Question 25

mitral valvular calcinosis

Answer 25

does not impair valve function

Question 26

alpha adrennergic agonists (phenylphrine)

Answer 26

increase BOTH systolic and diastolic BP vai stimulation of a1 adrenoreceptors in vascular walls elevated BP is associated w/ reflex incase in vagal tone> decreased heart rate and SLOWER AV node conduction velocity

Question 27

Ideal agent for tx HTN or CHF in woman who is also at risk for osteoprososis

Answer 27

HCTZ increases absorption of Ca from DCT

Question 28

diuretic used to tx hypercalcemia

Answer 28

furosemide

Question 29

HTN tachycardia elevated CVP taht produces JVD

Answer 29

Cardiac tamponade

Question 30

acute fibrinous pericarditis

Answer 30

may follow URI pleuritic chest pain pericardial friction rub

Question 31

constrictive pericarditis

Answer 31

chronic process that requries MONTHS to years to produce constriction suff to cause tamponade

Question 32

ACh levels in ALZ pts

Answer 32

DECREASED ACh in nucleus basalas of MEYNERT and hippocampus d/t diminished activity of choline ACETYLTRASNFERASE in these cerebrals tructures

Question 33

contains large amts of NE | plays a role in panic attacks and panic disorder

Answer 33

locus ceruelus

Question 34

raphne nuclei

Answer 34

serotonergic neurons | serotonin is implicated in anorexia, depressiona nd sleep disorders

Question 35

occurs in small outbteaks among individuals living in close quarters ``` febrile pharyngitis cough nasal congestion conjuntivitis enlarged cervical nodes ```

Answer 35

adenovirus

Question 36

Calcivirus=Norwalk

Answer 36

epidemic viral gastroenteritis

Question 37

Paramyxo

Answer 37

parainfluenza croup

Question 38

finely granular eosinophilic appearnce "ground glass"

Answer 38

chronic HBV> | hepatic injury

Question 39

lylmphoid aggregates in portal tracts | focal areas of macrovesicular steatosis

Answer 39

HCV

Question 40

rarely involved in PAN

Answer 40

LUNGS!!! segmental, transmural, necrotizing inflammation of medium- small sized arteries

Question 41

non enveloped | ssDNA

Answer 41

Parvo B19 fifth disease

Question 42

cardiac atria amyloidosis

Answer 42

atrial natriuretic peptide form of senile cardiac amyloidosis that can icnrase the risk of afib

Question 43

thyroid gland amyloidosis

Answer 43

calcitonin

Question 44

pancretic islet cell amyloidosis

Answer 44

islet amyloid protein (amylin)

Question 45

cerbrum/cerebral BV amyloidosis

Answer 45

B amyloid protein

Question 46

PG amyloidosis

Answer 46

prolactin

Question 47

Gerd> | barretts>

Answer 47

esophageal adenocarcinoma

Question 48

cigarette somking alcohol use RF for...

Answer 48

Sq carcinoma of the esophagus

Question 49

involves the skin and GI tract | common in HIV pts not on antiretroviral therpay

Answer 49

kaposi's sarcoma biopsy shows SPINDLE CELLS n neovascularization extravasated RBC